Note I.--FIDES ET FIDUCIA SUNT RELATIVA.
The military men of the times agreed upon dependencies of honour,as they called them,with all the metaphysical argumentation of civilians,or school divines.
The English officer,to whom Sir James Turner was prisoner after the rout at Uttoxeter,demanded his parole of honour not to go beyond the wall of Hull without liberty."He brought me the message himself,--I told him I was ready to do so,provided he removed his guards from me,for FIDES ET FIDUCIA SUNT RELATIVA;
and,if he took my word for my fidelity,he was obliged to trust it,otherwise,it was needless for him to seek it,either to give trust to my word,which I would not break,or his own guards,who I supposed would not deceive him.In this manner I dealt with him,because I knew him to be a scholar."--TURNER'S MEMOIRS,p.
80.The English officer allowed the strength of the reasoning;
but that concise reasoner,Cromwell,soon put an end to the dilemma:"Sir James Turner must give his parole,or be laid in irons."
Note II.--WRAITHS.
A species of apparition,similar to what the Germans call a Double-Ganger,was believed in by the Celtic tribes,and is still considered as an emblem of misfortune or death.Mr.Kirke (See Note to ROB ROY,),the minister of Aberfoil,who will no doubt be able to tell us more of the matter should he ever come back from Fairy-land,gives us the following:--
"Some men of that exalted sight,either by art or nature,have told me they have seen at these meetings a double man,or the shape of some man in two places,that is,a superterranean and a subterranean inhabitant perfectly resembling one another in all points,whom he,notwithstanding,could easily distinguish one fro another by some secret tokens and operations,and so go speak to the man his neighbour and familiar,passing by the apparition or resemblance of him.They avouch that every element and different state of being have animals resembling those of another element,as there be fishes at sea resembling Monks of late order in all their hoods and dresses,so as the Roman invention of good and bad daemons and guardian angels particularly assigned,is called by them ane ignorant mistake,springing only from this originall.They call this reflex man a Co-Walker,every way like the man,as a twin-brother and companion haunting him as his shadow,as is that seen and known among men resembling the originall,both before and after the originall is dead,and was also often seen of old to enter a hous,by which the people knew that the person of that liknes was to visit them within a few days.This copy,echo,or living picture,goes at last to his own herd.It accompanied that person so long and frequently for ends best known to its selve,whether to guard him from the secret assaults of some of its own folks,or only as an sportfull ape to counterfeit all his actions."--KIRKE'S SECRET
COMMOMWEALTH,p.3.
The two following apparitions,resembling the vision of Allan M'Aulay in the text,occur in Theophilus Insulanus (Rev.Mr.
Fraser's Treatise on the Second Sight,Relations x.and xvii.):--
"Barbara Macpherson,relict of the deceased Mr.Alexander MacLeod,late minister of St.Kilda,informed me the natives of that island had a particular kind of second sight,which is always a forerunner of their approaching end.Some months before they sicken,they are haunted with an apparition,resembling themselves in all respects as to their person,features,or clothing.This image,seemingly animated,walks with them in the field in broad daylight;and if they are employed in delving,harrowing,seed-sowing,or any other occupation,they are at the same time mimicked by this ghostly visitant.My informer added further that having visited a sick person of the inhabitants,she had the curiosity to enquire of him,if at any time he had seen any resemblance of himself as above described;he answered in the affirmative,and told her,that to make farther trial,as he was going out of his house of a morning,he put on straw-rope garters instead of those he formerly used,and having gone to the fields,his other self appeared in such garters.The conclusion was,the sick man died of that ailment,and she no longer questioned the truth of those remarkable presages."
"Margaret MacLeod,an honest woman advanced in years,informed me,that when she was a young woman in the family of Grishornish,a dairy-maid,who daily used to herd the calves in a park close to the house,observed,at different times,a woman resembling herself in shape and attire,walking solitarily at no great distance from her,and being surprised at the apparition,to make further trial,she put the back part of her upper garment foremost,and anon the phantom was dressed in the same manner,which made her uneasy,believing it portended some fatal consequence to herself.In a short time thereafter she was seized with a fever,which brought her to her end,and before her sickness and on her deathbed,declared the second sight to several."
End
