The sounds that a child can make are more varied and numerous than the sounds that any particular language utilizes．However，a child born into a society with a pattern of language is encouraged to make a small selection of sounds and to make these few sounds over and over until it is natural for him to make these sounds and no others．
说话——发出声音表达意思的动作
说话——发出声音表达意思的动作——是一种人类的行为。像任何不断重复的行为一样，说话也必须通过学习。但是一旦学会，它便成为一种基本上是不知不觉，看起来好像自动进行的过程了。
就我们所能判断的情况而言，人类学说话无需强迫。大多数婴儿似乎有一种本能的要求来发出类似说话的声音。至于怎样说和说什么则完全是另外一回事了。这些行为是从婴孩诞生的那一特定社会中学到的，因此，像从社会，也就是从我们周围的人们那里学会的所有行为一样，言语也是一种模仿而来的活动。
一个年幼的孩子漫无目的地咿呀学语和喋喋不休地发出音来，通过模仿最终形成一些有条不紊的常规，这些常规体现了周围人们认为有意义而加以接受的模式。同样，一个小孩抓着东西不加分辨就往嘴里送的举动，也会变得局限于只把食物放入口中。
一个孩子所能发出的声音，比任何特定的语言所使用的声音更加变化多端和丰富多样。然而，生在具有某种语言模式的社会中的儿童，都会被鼓励去发出少量挑选出来的声音，并且反复这样做，直到他很自然地只发出这些声音，而不发出别的声音为止。
Easy to Make Out，But Difficultto Explain—What an Artist IsTrying to Teach Us
Every artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public．Not only does he want to say it well，but he wants it to be something which has not been said before．He hopes the public will listen and understand—he wants to teach them，and he wants them to learn from him．
What visual artists like painters want to teach is easy to make out but difficult to explain，because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors，not words．They seem to feel that a certain selection of shapes and colors，out of the countless billions possible，is exceptionally interesting for them and worth showing to us．without their work we should never have noticed these particular shapes and colors，or have felt the delight which they brought to the artist．
Most artists take their shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies in motion and repose；their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at，that they contain beautiful sights．Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects that provide an interesting pattern，that there is nothing more in it．Yet even they do not choose entirely without reference to the character of their subjects．
If one painter chooses to paint a gangrenous leg and another a lake in moonlight，each of them is directing our attention to a certain aspect of the world．Each painter is telling us something，showing us something，emphasizing something—all of which means that，consciously or unconsciously he is trying to teach us．
不难意会，却难言传——一个艺术家想让我们知道什么
每一位艺术家心里都清楚，他是向公众讲话。他不仅想把话讲好，而且还想讲别人以前没有说过的话。他希望公众会聆听，会理解——他想教育他们，并且要他们向他学习。
像画家这样的视觉艺术家，他们想教给别人的东西，意会起来是容易的，可要解释清楚却很难了，因为画家们把他们的感受化成形象和颜色，而不是形之于文字。他们似乎觉得，从数不清的千千万万可选的东西中精选出来的某些形象和色彩，对他们来说是异常有趣的，值得拿给我们一看。没有他们的作品，我们便永远不会注意到这些特别的形象和色彩，也永远不会感受到它们带给美术家的欢乐。
大多数美术家从自然界和动与静的人体选取形象和色彩。他们所选的东西表明，世界的这些方面值得一看，它们包含了美的景观。当代的美术家们也许会说，他们只是选取提供某种有趣图案的题材而已，并没有什么其他东西。然而，甚至就连他们，在做出选择时，也不是全然不考虑他们题材的特点的。
假如一位画家决定画一只生了坏疽的腿，而另一位画家却愿意去画月光下的湖泊，他们中的每一位都是把我们的注意力引向世界的某一方面。每位画家都在向我们叙说着什么，展示着什么，强调着什么——所有这一切都意味着，他自觉或不自觉地试图教育我们。
Slow Food for a Fast Life
There has been a new trend in food recently—shifting away from fast food and moving toward “slow food”.
For decades，the pace of life has been increasing for most people.The trouble involved in buying，preparing and cleaning up after a meal was becoming more bother than it was worth—apparently.Fortunately，there were smart businesspeople who took the opportunity to provide “instant”solutions to the problem.Almost overnight，you could drop by the supermarket and buy complete （but raw）meals on a styrofoam tray with plastic wrap over them.All you had to do was drop it in a hot wok （after unwrapping it）and you could be eating a scrumptious （but less than healthy）meal in 5minutes.Just add salt.
Still too slow？OK，just drive your car up to the fastfood restaurant，order your greasesoaked meal and within 2minutes it will be handed over to you.With salt.
The problem is health.Fast food has much more oil，salt and empty calories and far less vitamins than food freshly prepared at home.And so，since people have always wanted to live longer and healthier，a small but growing population is choosing not only fresh food，but also organically grown food—food that hasn’t been grown with chemical fertilizers or insecticides.
Another reason for changes in eating habits is undoubtedly social.Over the centuries，meal times have been used to visit，laugh and learn.That doesn’t fit with today’s hectic lifestyle and many people are looking for ways to restore that.Goodbye McDonald’s.
Finally，there’s something unique about planning your meal，buying just the right ingredients and seeing something on your table that looks just like the picture in your recipe book.A culinary Rembrandt！So if you’re too busy，maybe it’s time you slowed down and enjoyed a meal with a friend.
Please pass the salt.
慢“食”出细“活”
最近在饮食方面出现了一种新趋势，即远离“快餐”，转向“慢餐”。
近几十年来，大多数人的生活节奏变快，工作繁忙，他们常为做饭洗碗等事烦恼不已。幸好，聪明的商家抓住时机推出“方便食品”解决了问题。几乎在一夜之间，你就能从超市里买到装在泡沫聚苯乙烯盘子上，外面裹着塑料包装的现成生料。把它倒进热锅里，五分钟后，你就能开始动口了。只需要加点盐即可！
还是太慢？好吧，开车到一家快餐店，点份油腻腻的食物，两分钟左右，饭就会送上来。而且已经放了盐！
然而健康是个问题。与在家里现做的饭菜相比，快餐通常含有太多的油脂、食盐和净热量，缺少维生素。由于人人都想健康长寿，于是，有一小部分人（正在增多）开始不但注意食品是否新鲜，还要看是否有机（没有使用过化肥和杀虫剂的食品）。
饭食习惯改变的另一个原因无疑是社会因素。几个世纪以来，吃饭时间一直被用来相互拜访、娱乐和学习。这与当今的紧张生活方式一点都不符，许多人正在找办法使之恢复原貌。再见啦，麦当劳！
最后我要说的是，在你规划一餐、购买配料以及欣赏餐桌上与烹调书上一模一样的美景时，感觉真是妙不可言呢。好一幅伦布兰特的厨房画！如果你真的很忙，不妨放慢节拍，找位朋友一起津津有味地吃上一顿吧！
请把盐递给我！
