1.accident事故，灾难
incident事件（指随着某件事的附带发生的事件或可能性较小的事件)
∴例：上周在典礼上发生了一件怪事。
×误：A strange accident happened in the ceremony last week.
√正：A strange incident happened in the ceremony last week.
说明：accident是指预想不到的意外事故，如车祸等。
The lady was killed in a traffic accident.
这位女士死于一场车祸。
The actor was killed in a plane accident.
男演员在一次飞机事故中死亡。
Carelessness often causes accidents in everyday life.
在日常生活中粗心常导致事故。
Yesterday there was a car accident in his school.
昨天他学校发生了一起车祸。
与accident有关常见短语：
by accident(副）偶然地，意外地
by accident of(介）因……的巧合
without accident(副）平安无事
∷如：He met her by accident in a crowded train last week.
上周他意外地在拥挤的火车中遇见她。
The trip was a success，but more by accident not because of good planning.
这次旅行成功完全是偶然，不是事先计划的。
而incident是指小事件。
Hardships are incident to the life of an explorer.
探险者的生活总是艰难困苦的。
There were a number of unpleasant incidents after the basketball match.
篮球赛后，发生了多起不快事件。
A strange incident happened after school.
放学后发生了一件奇怪的事。
a humorous incident幽默的插曲
without incident平安无事
2.act，action行动，行为
∴例：刚才这位男士的举止像个孩子。
×误：The man's action was like a boy just now.
√正：The man's act was like a boy just now.
说明：①act是指暂时的，具体的简单行为。
∷如：He jumped into the river and saved the girl.That was really a brave act.
他跳入河中救出女孩，真是勇敢的行为。
The girl slipped and fell in the act of picking up the ball.
女孩在捡球时滑了一跤。
②action是指较复杂的，继续的行为。
∷如：In fact，all we need now is action not discussion.
事实上，我们现在需要的是行动，而不是讨论。
The police had to take firm action to deal with the riots.
警方不得不采取果断行动对付骚乱。
The workers urge strike action.工人们力促采取罢工行动。
Actions are more important than words.行比言更重要。
in/into action在运行，在活动
out of action不工作，不在运行
take action采取行动
in the(very)act of正在……时
3.advice劝告，忠告，建议
∴例：他给我的忠告是更努力地工作。
×误：His advices to me were to work hard.
√正：His advice to me was to work hard.
说明：advice是不可数名词，不能加s，可以说a piece of advice，some advice或much advice.
∷如：He would not take my much advice.他不肯接受我的许多劝告。
I asked my teacher for advice on my future course.
我请老师对我的未来去向作些建议。
You should follow his advice.你应该听从他的忠告。
Let me give you a piece of advice.让我给你一个忠告。
注意：advise“忠告”，动词，与之相关动词依次为：
urge力劝recommend劝告，推荐advise忠告，建议
admonish告诫，训诫caution警告warn警告
同advice构成常见短语：
give/offer him a piece of advice给他忠告
act on/follow/take his advice听他的忠告
seek his advice求教于他
disregard/refuse/turn a deaf ear to his advice不听他劝告
some advice on/about……有关……的忠告(名词+介词)
against his advice不听他的忠告(介词+名词)
on/upon the advice of his teacher听他老师的劝告(介+名)
4.Africa非洲
∴例：我叔叔在非洲工作了两年。
×误：My uncle worked in africa for two years.
√正：My uncle worked in Africa for two years.
说明：非洲Africa，亚洲Asia，大洋洲Australia等，各大洲第一个字母都要大写。
Some of the world's highest mountains are in Asia.
世界最高峰有数座在亚洲。
There are a lot of wild elephants in Africa.在非洲有许多野象。
The girl studied English in Australia last year.
女孩去年在澳大利亚学英语。
The castle is said to be most beautiful in Europe.
据说该城堡之美居欧洲之冠。
5.afternoon下午（从正午到日落）
∴例：他们在下午两点见面。
×误：They met at 2：00 afternoon.
√正：They met at 2：00 in the afternoon.
说明：早晨、下午、晚上，而要说in the morning，in the afternoon，
in the evening.说某日的早晨、下午、晚上要用介词on.
∷如：on a fine afternoon在一个晴朗下午
on Friday morning在周五早晨
on Sunday evening在周日的傍晚
注意：今天早晨、下午、傍晚：
this morning，this afternoon，this evening就不用介词了。
School starts on Monday morning.
学校于星期一早上开始上课。
I will try to speak to the student about it in the evening.
我会在晚上设法跟学生谈谈这事。
Let us go to the park with these children this morning.
今天上午让我们跟这些孩子们一起去公园吧！
The accident happened on Friday afternoon.
事故发生在周五的下午。
6.age年龄
∴例：你老师多大年纪了？
×误：How old is your teacher's age?
√正：What's your teacher's age?
说明：“你多大了？”英语是How old are you?或What's your age?
He is about sixteen(years old).=He is about sixteen years of age.他大约十六岁。
She left school at the age of fifteen.她十五岁时离开学校。
Children of all ages will enjoy the popular song.
不管多大年龄的孩子，一定会喜欢这首流行歌曲。
When I was your age I never did anything like this!
我像你这样年纪的时候，从没有干出这种事！
注意：age还有“人生的阶段，时代”之意。
This is a problem that often develops in middle age.
这是人到中年常有的问题。
We are now living in the computer age.
今天我们生活在电脑时代。
7.air空气，大气，户外的空气
∴例：我们决定乘飞机去意大利。
×误：We decided to go to Italy in the air.
√正：We decided to go to Italy by air.
说明：in the air在空中(口语）谣言等在流传中，计划等未决定的。
∷如：Our job is in the air.我们的工作没落实。
The air has been polluted by car exhaust.
空气已遭汽车尾气污染。
Some substances resist corrosion by air or water.
有些物质可以抗空气或水的腐蚀。
Air not only occupies space but it also has weight.
空气不仅占据空间，而且它还占据重量。
而“乘坐飞机”是by air，by plane.
You want to go to Dalian，it is quicker by air(plane).
你去大连，乘飞机要快得多。
8.alphabet全套字母，字母系统；letter字母
∴例：这个词由十个字母组成。
×误：The word consists of ten alphabets.
√正：The word consists of ten letters.
说明：letter是指单个字母。
∷如：A is the first letter of the alphabet.A是字母表的第一个字母。The English alphabet has 26 letters.英文全套有26个字母。
“I”is a capital letter；“i”is a small letter.
“I”是大写字母；“i”是小写字母。
注意：letter名词“信，字面意义”如：
Could you post this letter for me when you go out?
你出去时替我把这封信寄了好吗？
I have had a letter from the tax inspector saying I owe him money.我收到一封税务官的信，说我欠他钱。
The case of murder was bound by the letter of the law.
这起杀人案被这一法律的字面所束缚。
Everyone must carry out the rules to the letter.
人人必须严格按照字句实施条例。
9.a.m.午前；p.m.午后
∴例：学生们将于午后七点到家。
×误：The students will get home at seven o'clock p.m.
√正：The students will get home at seven p.m.
说明：a.m.是上午，p.m.是下午，他们置于表示时间的数字之后通常小写。
∷如：at 9：30 a.m.在上午九点三十分读成nine thirty a.m.
the 10：45 plane 10点45的飞机。
a.m.和p.m.本身就含有点钟含意，所以表示时间要去掉o'clock.
10.amount数量
∴例：我总有大量的工作可做。
×误：I always have a large number of work to do.
√正：I always have a large amount of work to do.
说明：a large number of和a large amount of都有“大量”的意思，但后者接不可数名词，前者接可数名词。
∷如：a large number of bags大量的包
a large amount of money to spend大量的钱要花
A large number of visitors want to visit that beautiful old stone house.
大批来宾要去参观那古老而美丽的石屋。
A large amount of money was spent on the new bridge.
那座新桥耗费了大量金钱。
You will have any amount of time after your examination.
考试过后，你们会有大量的时间。
the amount总额，总计，总数。
∷如：What's the amount of the bill?账单上金额总计多少？
He could only pay half the amount he owed.
他只能偿还所欠债款的一半。
11.April四月
∴例：我四月份去了北京。
×误：I went to Beijing in april.
√正：I went to Beijing in April.
说明：英语中的表月份词第一个字母都要大写。
∷如：January一月，February二月，March三月，等等。
They are going to get married in November.
他们将在十一月结婚。
My father came home from Europe on January 26.
My father came home from Europe on the 26th of January.
我爸爸一月二十六日从欧洲回来。
She started work there the August before last.
她前年八月开始在那工作。
It happened on May the fifteenth.这件事发生在五月十五日。April Fools' Day愚人节
12.arm臂（从肩shoulder至腕wrist；动物的前肢）
∴例：她怀里抱着婴儿。
×误：She held her baby in her arm.
√正：She held her baby in her arms.
说明：arm是可数名词，“怀中抱着……”是carry(have，hold)in one's arms，这里习惯上用复数形式arms.
arms武器，兵器，武力
如：nuclear arms核武器
take up arms拿起武器
the arms race between the superpowers
超级大国间的军备竞赛。
She threw her arms around his neck.
她用双臂搂住他的脖子。
They waved their arms in the air and shouted at us.
他们挥动手臂，对着我们大喊。
而arm in arm臂挽着臂with folded arms抱臂
The two good sisters walked arm in arm.
两个好姐妹挽臂而行。
Do not look on with folded arms.不要袖手旁观。
13.attention注意，注目
∴例：请注意你的行为。
×误：Please give more attentions to your action.
√正：Please pay more attention to your action.
说明：attention这里是名词，表示“注意(关注）某事”常用词组 ：
pay more attention to sth.
give(turn)one's attention to sth.
常用短语：
attract(catch，draw，capture，command，get)one's attention
吸引某人注意
hold(retain)one's attention on将注意力集中于
direct(turn)one's attention to将注意力转向
It is difficult to hold the students'attention for more
than half an hour.
让学生持续集中注意力达半小时以上，真是很难。
They drew their attention to the rising unemployment.
失业率日渐升高引起他们的注意。
This thing requires her close attention.这事她必须密切关注。
14.bath沐浴，洗澡
∴例：你洗澡了吗？
×误：Did you take(have)a bathe?
√正：Did you take(have)a bath?
说明：have(take)a bath指室内沐浴，而have(take)a bathe则指洗河、海水澡。另外bathe常做动词用。
∷如：Bathe the wound twice a day.伤口一天清洗两次。
Bathe your feet twice a week.每周要泡脚两次。
The fields were bathed in sunlight.田野沐浴于阳光中。
Would you prefer to take a bath or a shower?
你喜欢洗盆浴还是洗淋浴？
The mother gave the baby a bath this afternoon.
下午这位妈妈给婴儿洗澡了。
I prefer to bath in the morning，and then I go to work.
我喜欢早晨洗澡，然后上班去。(bath动词)
Let us go for a bathe.我们去游泳吧。(尤指在海里游泳)
与bath有关的短语：
a cold bath冷水浴bathtub浴盆，浴缸
shower curtain浴帘public baths公共澡堂
have a shower淋浴a room with a bath套房(附有浴室)
sit/lie in a hot bath泡缸shampoo one's hair洗发
bath towel浴巾bathhouse公共澡堂，更衣室
15.battle战役，战斗，交战
∴例：这场战役持续多久？
×误：How long did the war go on?
√正：How long did the battle go on?
说明：war是“战争，战争状态”与之对应peace“和平”。
a war of words舌战the Second World War二次世界大战
a cold war冷战a price war价格战
war and peace战争与和平declare war宣战
The Allies waged war on Hitler.同盟国向希特勒开了战。
The war-torn city of Beirut屡遭战争破坏的贝鲁特城。
That is a price war among oil companies.
那是一场石油公司的价格战。
When war broke out，thousands of men volunteered for the army.
战争爆发，数以千计的人自愿参军。
而battle是“战役”，一次战争往往包含多次具体的战役。
The Battle of Waterloo滑铁卢之战
It is one of the most crucial battles in the whole war.
那是整个战争中最关键的战役之一。
16.bed床
∴例：孩子昨晚十点就寝。
×误：The child went to the bed at ten last night.
√正：The child went to bed at ten last night.
说明：go to bed“就寝”是固定词组，同go to school“上学”一样，在bed及school前不加冠词。
go to the school去这个学校
It is time the children go to bed.孩子们该睡觉了。
What time do you usually go to bed?你通常几点睡？
Do not go to the school to see her in class.
不要上课时去学校看她。
I went to the hospital to see my good friend tomorrow.
我昨天去医院探望我的好友。
17.birth出生
∴例：布莱克夫人上周生个小孩。
×误：Mrs.Black birthed a child last week.
√正：Mrs.Black gave birth to a child last week.
说明：birth是名词，不是动词。
a difficult birth难产
birthday生日
give birth to a baby生小孩
My good friend gave birth to a fine heathy baby last week.
我好朋友上周生了一个健康漂亮的宝宝。
Last year there were more births than deaths.
去年的出生人数大于死亡人数。
the birth of a child一个孩子的诞生
the birth of a new nation一个新国家的诞生
18.blood血，血统
∴例：他是贵族出身。
×误：He is of noble bloods.
√正：He is of noble blood.
说明：blood是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
∷如：Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。
The son donated his blood to help his mother.
儿子献血救助他的母亲。
The heart pumps blood around the body.
心脏将血液送往身体各处。
Blood was pouring from a cut on his head.
他头上的伤口涌出鲜血。
a man of hot blood血气之勇男士
a woman of noble blood门第高贵的妇人
princes of the blood有皇族血统的王子
in cold blood冷血地cold-blooded冷血的
He killed the baby in cold blood last week.
上周他残忍地杀死这个婴儿。
Reptiles are cold-blooded.爬虫类都是冷血动物。
Li Gang played a cold-blooded killer in the film.
李刚在这部电影中扮演一位冷血杀手。
19.boat小船，小舟；ship大轮船
∴例：他们乘船渡河。
×误：They crossed the river by ship(in a ship).
√正：They crossed the river by boat(in a boat).
说明：boat常指江河，湖泊行驶的船；ship常指在海洋行驶的大轮船或舰。
∷如：He went to Europe by ship.他搭船去的欧洲。
space ship宇宙飞船air ship大型飞机
Dragon Boat端午节
be in the same boat同舟共济
burn one's boats破釜沉舟
It is much slower to cross the Atlantic by ship.
乘船横渡大西洋慢得多。
The students will cross the river by boat(in a boat).
学生们将乘小船渡河。
20.body身体，躯体
∴例：我老爸身体很好。
×误：My old father's body is good.
√正：My old father is sound in body.
说明：英语中有许多种表达“身体好”的用法。如：
“to be sound(健康的)in body”，be well，be ok短语都可以。body对应词mind，soul，spirit
∷如：body and soul身心。
He devoted himself body and soul to his study.
他全身心地投入到学习中。
The police have found a body in the old canal.
警察在老运河中发现了一具尸体。
A sound mind in a sound body.
健康的心理寓于健康的身体。(谚语)
She had injuries to her head and body.
她的头部和身躯都受了伤。
You can imprison my body but not my mind.
你可以禁锢我的身体，但你不能禁锢我的精神。
常用短语：
in a body全体，一起
keep body and soul together苟延残喘
own sb body and soul完全主宰某人
bodyguard保镖
body-building健身，健美
body-builder健身者，健美运动员
body clock人体生物钟
body language身势语，体态语
21.bottle瓶
∴例：这个学生喝了一瓶牛奶。
×误：The student has had a bottle milk.
√正：The student has had a bottle of milk.
说明：一瓶(的量)of名词：
∷如：He drank two bottles of beer.他喝了两瓶啤酒。
Why do not we crack open another bottle of champagne?
我们为什么不再开一瓶香槟酒呢？
The girl dranks a whole bottle of wine!女孩喝了一整瓶酒！
a bottle of ink一瓶墨水
two bottles of water两瓶水
bottled water瓶装水
bottleneck瓶颈(路段)
After three or four months the wine is bottled.
过三四个月就把酒装瓶了。(bottle装瓶，动词)
22.bread面包
∴例：他们以面包和牛奶为主食。
×误：They live on breads and milk.
√正：They live on bread and milk.
说明：bread是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
“一(两)条面包”为a loaf(two loaves)of bread
He ate five slices of bread just now.他刚才吃了五片面包。
“许多面包”则为much(a lot of)bread
The children had bread and cheese for lunch.
孩子们午饭吃了干酪面包。
Would you like some bread and butter?
你要不要黄油面包？
French bread法国面包croissant牛角面包
wholemeal bread全麦面包breadcrumbs面包屑(烹饪用)
23.breakfast早餐
∴例：今天你何时吃的早饭？
×误：When did you have the breakfast this morning?
√正：When did you have breakfast this morning?
说明：一日三餐，have(take)breakfast(lunch，supper)，三餐前无冠词，但强调时前面可以加物主代词。
∷如：I had my lunch at home.=I took my lunch at home.
我在家吃的午餐。
to be at breakfast(lunch，supper)是指“正在吃早饭”(午饭，
晚饭)。
三餐前加上形容词时，前面再加上不定冠词。
∷如：have(take)a light breakfast吃简单的早餐
have(take)a good lunch吃丰盛的午饭
We had a working lunch.我们吃了一顿工作午餐。
They had a late breakfast yesterday.昨天他们很晚才吃的早餐。
24.brother-in-law姐（妹）夫，内兄（弟）
∴例：他有三个姐夫。
×误：He has three brother-in-laws.
√正：He has three brothers-in-law.
说明：合成名词构成复数时通常只将里面所包含的主体名词变为复数。
father-in-law，mother-in-law，sister-in-law及
two lookers-on两个旁观者runners-up亚军
three sons-in-law三个女婿grand-child(ren)孙儿，孙女
armyman(armymen)军人comrades-in-arms战友
editors-in-chief总编辑vice-premiers副总理
如果没有主体名词，就只在最后一个词上加复数词尾。
例如：go-between(s)中间人(月老，媒人)
drawback(s)缺陷film-goers常看电影的人
tooth-brushes牙刷greenhouses温室
但由man和woman构成的合成词，里面所含的成分，全都要变为复数。
∷如：man-doctor→men-doctors男医生
woman-servant→women-servants女仆人
man-cadre→men-cadres男干部
25.chalk粉笔
∴例：请给我一些粉笔。
×误：Please give me some chalks.
√正：Please give me some chalk.
说明：chalk为不可数名词，无复数形式。
“一支粉笔”a piece of chalk
“三支粉笔”three pieces of chalk
write with chalk用粉笔写字
a box of coloured chalk一盒彩粉笔
chalkboard(美）黑板，它同blackboard
The old teacher wrote on the blackboard with a piece of
chalk.
这位老教师用一支粉笔在黑板上写字。
Somebody had chalked a message on the wall.
有人用粉笔在墙上留下了口信。(chalk动词)
26.chance，opportunity机会
∴例：每当我有机会，我便去看我的老师。
×误：Whenever I get an opportunity，I'll see my teachers.
√正：Whenever I get a chance，I'll see my teachers.
说明：chance，opportunity都指机会，通常可通用。
∷如：I had a chance(opportunity)to visit Paris three years ago.三年前我有机会去了巴黎。
We had a chance to visit the Louvre when we were in Paris.
We had an opportunity to visit the Louvre when we were in
Paris.
在巴黎我们有机会参观了卢浮宫。
但chance强调机会的“偶然性”和“可能性”，而opportunity则
指“好机会”，
∷如：Have you got a spare stamp by any chance?
你也许碰巧有张多余的邮票吧？
I missed a good opportunity to give my opinion on it.
我失去对那件事提出意见的好机会。
catch(seize，take)an opportunity抓住机会
You should go and see this film if you get the opportunity.
你若有机会，应该去看这部电影。
Chance plays an important part in many card games.
在不少纸牌游戏里，运气常起着重要作用。
stand a good chance大有希望
let a chance slip by错失机会
27.city城市，都市；town城镇
∴例：他们住在城市吗？
×误：Do they live in town?
√正：Do they live in the city?
说明：city是“城市”，city life都市生活。而town城镇，一般指比村
village大，比城市city小。但英国的town和美国的city无大区别。
city前一般加冠词the，town前不加the.
∷如：go up to town进城去
My family lived in the city last year.我家去年住在这个城市。
I prefer the city to the country.我喜欢城市生活多于乡村生活。
New York is an exciting city.纽约是一个令人兴奋的城市。
Now many friends spend their weekends out of town.
现在很多朋友到乡下度周末。
28.class，lesson课
∴例：第一课很容易。
×误：Class One is very easy.
√正：Lesson One is very easy.
说明：class和lesson两个词都有“课”的意思，但class的原意是“等级，班级”或“一节课”。
∷如：have a math class有节数学课
take a French class选一门法语课
Class One Grade Two二年一班
要说“第一课”只能说Lesson One或the first lesson，不能说Class One，Class One的意思是“一班”。
这两个词都有“课”的意思，但class是从课节来分的课，lesson是从课文内容来分的。
We watched an interesting video in class yesterday.
We watched an interesting video during the lesson yesterday.
昨天我们在课堂上观看了一部有趣的录像。
Classes begin at 8 o'clock in the morning.早晨八点开始上课。
They went to evening classes in local history on Sundays.
他们每周日去夜校上地方史课。
We have five intensive reading lessons every week.
每周我们有五节精读课。
Next month you will attend my English lesson.
下月你们将听我的英语课。
teach sb a lesson教训某人
The incident taught children a lesson.
那意外事件给孩子们一个教训。
29.climate气候；weather天气
∴例：广播报告要出现坏天气。
×误：The radio said the climate was going to be bad.
√正：The radio said the weather was going to be bad.
说明：climate是“气候”，指某一地区的长期气象状态；特定的天气用weather
∷如：The climate here is mild.这里的气候温和。
The weather is always cold in the mountains.山区的天气总是很凉。
What are the effects of global warming on our climate?
地球气温上升对这儿气候有何影响吗？
climate还有风气、风尚、趋势之意。
the present political climate当前的政治气候
a climate of unrest动荡不安的局势
What is the current climate of opinion regarding China Dream?
时下舆论对中国梦有何看法？
30.clock时钟
∴例：他们的时钟慢十分钟。
×误：Their o'clock is ten minutes slow.
√正：Their clock is ten minutes slow.
说明：clock是“钟”，而o'clock=of the clock是“点钟”。
∷如：What o'clock is it?几点钟了？还可以说What does the clock say?
The clock here is a few minutes fast.这钟快几分钟。
Let them meet under the Town Hall clock.
让他们在市政厅大时钟下相会。
a car with 100，000 miles on the clock.
行车里程累计达十万英里。
clockwise顺时针(副词，形容词)
counterclockwise逆时针(副词，形容词)
31.cloth布，布料，纺织品。
∴例：上周她买块布料。
×误：She bought a cloth last week.
√正：She bought a piece of cloth last week.
说明：cloth一词是不可数名词，只有单数形式，“一块布”要说a piece of cloth，但作特殊用途的一块布，则为可数名词，有单复数之分。
∷如：Two yards of cloth will be enough for a miniskirt.
两码的布料可做条迷你裙。
We need several metres of cloth to make the curtain.
我们需要几米布料做这窗帘。
Clean the desk with a soft cloth.用一块软布擦桌子。
They need a lot of cloth to make a new dress.
他们需要许多布制一件新衣服。
常用于复合词(用作某一用途的）一块布：
a bowl cloth洗碗布a soft cloth一块软布
a table cloth桌布a floor cloth拖地布
32.clothes，clothing衣服
∴例：下周我将穿新衣。
×误：I will wear new clothing next week.
√正：I will wear new clothes next week.
说明：clothes是指上下衣等构成的衣服，复数名词，无单复数形式，计算时，用a suit(two suits)of clothes等方式表示。
be in one's best clothes穿着盛装。
Fine clothes make the man.佛要金装，人要衣装。(谚)
而clothing是衣服的总称，只有单数形式，
∷如：We must need much clothing there in winter.
那个地方的冬天我们必须穿很多的衣服。
The staff at the chemical plant wear protective clothing.
化工厂的工作人员都穿防护服。
The student is putting on his school clothes.
学生正在穿他的校服。
Our clothing protects us against the cold.我们的衣服可御寒。
33.colour（color）颜色，也可省略字母“u”
∴例：孩子们用鲜艳的色彩绘画。
×误：The children painted the pictures in bright color.
√正：The children painted the pictures in bright colors.
说明：colour(color)作“颜色”“颜料”解时常用复数形式。
∷如：warm(cold)colors暖(冷)色
the colors of the rainbow彩虹的颜色
loud colors华丽的色彩
quiet colors素色
但要注意在说具体的颜色时，要用sky blue天蓝色，gold金色，white白色，而不用color一词。
∷如：I like silver color.我喜欢银色。本句color是多余的。
Blue is my favourite colour.蓝色是我所喜欢的颜色。
What colours do the Chinese team play in?
中国队的队衣是哪种颜色？
All the pictures in the book are in colour.
书中插图都是彩色的。
The little boy is colour-blind.小男孩色盲。
注意：colour还有“气色，肤色，特色，独特风格等”意思。
She lost colour(=became pale)during her illness.
她得病期间脸色苍白。
People of all colours，black，brown，white，etc.
不同肤色人种，黑人，棕色，白色等。
I loved the life，noise and colour of the small town.
我喜欢小镇的热闹、喧哗与多彩多姿的生活。
The lecturer told a few jokes and anecdotes to add colour to her talk.
演讲者穿插几个笑话和几则轶事，为她的讲话增色。
34.in company with和……一道
∴例：我每周和我最好的朋友一起上班。
×误：Every week I go to work in the company of my best friends.
√正：Every week I go to work in company with my best friends.
说明：in the company of表达在某人陪同下做某事。
company还有伙伴之意(可用于指一个人及两个人以上的情况，注
意其为不可数名词)。
∷如：He keeps good(bad)company.
He is in good(bad)company.
他与好人(坏人）来往。
A man is known by the company he keeps.
朋友见其人(近朱者赤，近墨者黑)。(谚)
part company with和某人分手
in company with(介词）与……在一起
in company(副词）在人前，一起
Behave nicely in company.和别人在一起要有规矩。
We went fishing in company last summer.去年夏天我们结伴去钓鱼。
35.condition状况，情况
∴例：他们在不利条件下工作八小时。
×误：They worked for eight hours under unfavorable condition.
√正：They worked for eight hours under unfavorable conditions.
说明：condition指“条件”“健康状况”。
其复数形式conditions指(周围的）状况，情况，形势(situation)。
All of us here are in good condition.
我们这里所有的人的身体状况都很好。
The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness.
宇航员很快习惯了失重状态。
You can improve your condition by jogging every day.
每天跑步可以改进你的健康状况。
The old car is in poor condition.这辆旧车简直不能用。
In these conditions they had to give up smoking.
在这些情况下他们不得不戒烟。
Under the conditions of the agreement，we must leave now.
根据协议规定的条件，我们必须马上离开。
36.corner角，转角，街角
∴例：那男孩坐在房间的一角。
×误：The boy sat in the angle of the room.
√正：The boy sat in the corner of the room.
说明：angle是指几何学上的角，直角：right angle，锐角：acute angle
The two lines cross at right angles.
两条直线交叉成直角。
The three angles of a triangle add up to 180毅.
三角形的三个角加起来是180度。
Viewed from this angle，the tower looks taller than it really is.
从这个角度看，这个塔看上去比实际高得多。
corner则指“屋角，街角”等。屋角常用介词in，街角常用介词at
(on)。
∷如：There is a flower shop on(at)the corner.
转角有间花店。
She is waiting for you at the corner of the street.
她在街角等你。
He went round the corner at top speed.
他以高速驶过弯角。
(in football)a kick from the corner of a field角球
The shop is on the corner of Wall Street and Long Road.
这家店在华尔街和朗道之间的街角。
37.cost费用、代价；price价格
∴例：这种洗衣机生产成本很高。
×误：The production of the washing machine is at a high price.
√正：The production of the washing machine is a high cost.
说明：price是价格，cost表示生产中所耗费的成本；
price是卖出的售价，一般售价比成本高。
∷如：The price of land is very high here.
这里的地价很高。
Prices are lower in the country than in the city.
乡下的物价比城市便宜。
表示价格price的“高”“低”时，形容词用high，low，反之用
expensive，cheap.
It cost me 50 yuan to go by train.
我乘火车去花了五十元。
the high cost of renting a house in central Beijing
在北京市中心租房的高昂费用。
High production costs lead to high prices in the shop.
生产成本增高导致商店的提价。
38.cotton棉花，棉布
∴例：这件衬衫是棉制品。
×误：The shirt is made of cottons.
√正：The shirt is made of cotton.
说明：cotton是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
与cotton相关常用短语：
raw cotton原棉cotton cloth棉布
cotton goods棉制品cotton candy棉花糖
cotton gin轧棉机the cotton belt产棉地带
The shirt is 80%cotton and 20%polyester.
这件衬衫的成分中百分之八十是棉，百分之二十是聚酯纤维。
Cotton is more comfortable to wear than nylon.
棉布比尼龙穿着舒服得多。
Shirts made of cotton are comfortable，we all like them.
棉质衫穿起来舒服我们都喜欢。
39.country，nation国家
∴例：全国人民学习雷锋。
×误：The whole country should learn from Lei Feng.
√正：The whole nation should learn from Lei Feng.
说明：country“国家”主要指“国土”，而nation则着重指构成这个国家的民族。
∷如：Our country，China is in Asia.
我国位于亚洲。
There was snow over much of the country during the night.
夜间国内许多地区都下雪。
Bush spoke on radio to the nation.
布什向全国发表了广播演说。
The country is opposed to war.举国上下反对战争。
The President is going to speak to the nation on television.
总统将在电视中向国民发表演说。
nation集合用法为“国民”(people)如上例句。
the voice of the nation人民之声
the French nation法国人民
a summit of the leaders of eight nations八国领袖的高峰会议
40.a couple of几个
∴例：我有两三件事要做。
×误：I have couple things to do.
√正：I have a couple of things to do.
说明：couple“一对，一双”，a couple of和a couple都表示几个，两
三个，数个人的(a few)习惯用a couple of.
∷如：a couple of letters几封信a couple of minutes几分钟
We need a couple of glasses in the party.聚会上我们需要一对玻璃杯。
A couple of players are playing badminton in the gymnasium.
一对选手正在体育馆打羽毛球。
He found a couple of socks in the bedroom but they don't make a pair.
他在卧室里找到一双袜子，但它们不成对。
They last saw her a couple of months ago.
他们最后一次见她是在一两个月前。
Could I ask just a couple more questions about it?有关这事我能再问两个问题吗？
They will be back in a couple of hours.
他们几小时就回来。
I must have a couple of drinks with you.
我必定和你喝几杯。
41.coward胆小鬼，懦夫，胆怯者
∴例：他们告诉我汤姆是个胆小鬼。
×误：They told me Tom was a coward boy.
√正：They told me Tom was a coward.
√正：They told me Tom was a cowardly boy.
说明：coward是名词，cowardly是形容词。反义词是brave勇敢的。
a cowardly man胆小鬼coward conduct懦怯行为
∷如：We have never seen such a coward(cowardly man).
我们从没见过这样的胆小鬼。
I hate going to see the dentist because I am a terrible coward.
我害怕去看医生，我实在很胆小。
He was too much of a coward to argue.
他太胆怯而没有反驳。
No one wants to be thought a coward.
谁也不愿被认为是胆小鬼。
It was cowardly of her not to admit her mistake.
她没有承认错误，太懦弱了。
42.custom，habit习惯，风俗
∴例：我丈夫有吸烟的坏习惯。
×误：My husband is in bad custom of smoking.
√正：My husband is in bad habit of smoking.
说明：custom和habit都有“习惯，风俗”的意思，但custom指社会、团体的习俗、惯例。
∷如：It is the custom for the Chinese to do so.
这么做是中国人的习俗。
So many countries，so many customs.
百里不同风。(有多少国家有多少习俗。）(谚语)
habit通常指个人的习惯，癖，瘾。
∷如：I have a habit of reading in bed.我习惯在床上看书。
Biting your nails is a horrible habit.咬指甲是恶习。
Habit is(a)second nature.习惯是第二天性。(谚语)
H is habit was to get up early and have a cold bath every morning.
每天早起并洗个冷水澡是他的习惯。
fall into bad habit/get into bad habit沾染恶习
be in the habit of getting up late有晚起的习惯
out of habit出于习惯
social customs社会风俗
be a slave to custom做习俗的奴隶
43.damage损害，损失，伤害
∴例：霜冻对农作物造成了重大损害。
×误：Frost caused heavy damages to the crops.
√正：Frost caused heavy damage to the crops.
说明：cause(do)damage to sth使……受到损害suffer(sustain)damage受到损害
work damage造成损失
其中damage是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
The earthquake caused widespread damage ten years ago.
十年前的地震使广大地区遭受破坏。
This will do a lot of damage to her political reputation.
这将大大有损于她的政治声誉。
The snowstorm in U.S.did a lot of damage.
美国的暴风雪造成巨大损失。
但damage用于法律上“赔偿金(费)”时要用复数形式。
∷如：They claimed$1000 damages from the taxi company.
他们向那家出租车公司要求一千美元赔偿费。
The man claimed$500 damages from his boss last year.
去年他向老板要求500美元的赔偿金。
44.in danger在危险中；dangerous危险的
∴例：游客处于危险中。
×误：The tourists are dangerous.
√正：The tourists are in danger.
说明：“处于危险中”是in danger，在danger前不加冠词；
它对应短语out of danger“脱离危险”，danger前同样无冠词。
“有……的危险”是be in danger of...
∷如：She was sick and in danger of losing her life.
她病危，有丧失生命的危险。
The operation was a success and he is now out of danger.
手术成功了，他现在已脱离危险。
danger“危害，威胁”是可数名词。
Violent criminals like that are a danger to society.
这种暴力犯罪对社会是一种危害。
That narrow road is a danger to traffic.
那狭窄的道路对交通造成了危害。
dangerous是形容词，是“危险的，不安全的”的意思，反义词是safe.
∷如：It is dangerous to play on the road.
在马路上玩耍很危险。
The man is a dangerous person among us.
这人在我们中是个危险分子。
The business is in a dangerous financial situation.
公司的财务状况非常危险。
It is dangerous to go too near the edge of the cliff.
走得太近悬崖的边缘很不安全。
a dangerous place(occupation)一个危险的地方(职业)
45.date日期
∴例：今天是几号？
×误：What day is it today?
√正：What is the date today?
√正：What date is it today?
说明：What day is it today?是问“今天是星期几？”
今天是18号，正确答案是：Today's date is the 18th.
We should fix a date for a meeting now.
我们现在应确定开会日期。
At that date there were no airplanes.
在那个时期没有飞机。
His clothes are rather out of date.
他的衣服都过时了。
date还有“约会”之意：
have a date with sb与某人约会
make a date for dinner with sb和某人约好日期共进晚餐、
约(尤指与异性约会)；(一般的约会）约会
∷如：The man asked me for a date.
这位男士要求和我约会。
She had a date with her fiance last night.
她和她未婚夫昨晚有个约会。
The two leaders have not yet set a date for their next meeting.
两位领导人尚未约定下次会面的时间地点。
Does your mother let you go out on dates?
你妈妈让你出去与异性约会吗？
up to date现代化的，最新式的/地
out of date过时的
date back to，date from自(某一时期）起存在，追溯到
This house with a garden dates back to the 18th century.
这栋带花园的房子建于18世纪。(date动词)
46.debt债，负债
∴例：我欠她的钱。
×误：I debt her.
√正：I am in debt to her.
√正：I am in her debt.
说明：debt是名词，不是动词，当表示“欠某人钱”时，be in debt to sb或be in one's debt
∷如：He was always in debt when he was young.
他年轻时，经常负债。
I am in debt to him for all his assistance to me.
对于他的种种帮助，我欠他一个人情。
I am heavily in debt at the moment，but hope to be out of debt when I get paid.
现在我负债累累，但希望发钱后能还清。
I will always be in debt to you for your help.
我将永远欠你慷慨相助的恩情。
be(get)out of debt还清债
get(run，fall)into debt借债，负债
47.deed行为，功业
∴例：我为你们做好事。
×误：I do good deed for you.
√正：I do a good deed for you.
说明：deed是可数名词，有单复数形式。
∷如：He always does good deeds for others.
他总是为他人做好事。
Remember that you are judged by your deeds.
不要忘记了人们是根据你的行为来评价你的。
Deeds are more important than words.
行动胜于言辞。
The student was honorable in word and in deed.
这位学生言行诚信可敬。
an evil deed恶行
a good man and good deed好人好事
do a good deed行善
a gallant deed英勇的行为
48.discovery发现
∴例：他在煤的用途方面完成了一项重大发现。
×误：He did a great discovery in the use of coal.
√正：He made a great discovery in the use of coal.
说明：“做出……的发现”是make discovery而不是do discovery.
∷如：The Chinese people have made a lot of new discoveries in science.中国人民在科学上做出了许多新的发现。
They made several important discoveries in chemistry.
他们在化学方面做出几个重要的发现。
The archaeologists have made a number of important discoveries.
考古学家已做出许多重要发现。
The discovery of X-rays changed the history of medicine.
X光的发现改变了医学的历史。
The discovery of fingerprints in the room helped the police to find the thief.
屋内发现的指纹有助警方找寻窃贼。
49.discussion讨论
∴例：这件事还在讨论中。
×误：The incident is still in discussion.
√正：The incident is still under discussion.
说明：“在讨论(审议）中”应该是under discussion而不是in discussion常用短语：
have a discussion讨论
lead a discussion主持讨论会
a brisk(heated)discussion热烈的讨论
The brisk(heated)discussion went on for hours.
热烈的讨论持续了好几个小时。
They have not made a decision about the new school yet，the subject is still under discussion(=being discussed).
他们对于新学校尚未做出决定，这个问题仍在讨论中。
It is a long discussion on the meaning of life.
它是一个有关生命意义的长时间讨论。
After much discussion they all agreed to share the cost.
经过几番讨论后，他们全都同意分担费用。
50.distance距离
∴例：他们和我保持疏远。
×误：They kept me in the distance.
√正：They kept me at a distance.
说明：in the distance在远处
∷如：There is a building in the distance.远处有个大楼。
keep a person at a distance疏远某人，冷落某人
keep one's distance from sb.不亲近，保持疏远
Tom always keeps his younger sister at a distance.
Tom always keeps his distance from his younger sister.
汤姆总是疏远他的妹妹。
At this distance I can not read the number on the car.
距离这么远，我看不到轿车的号牌。
His wealth and success have distanced him from his old friends.
财富与成功使他疏远了他的老朋友。(distance动词)
From a distance the old village looks quite attractive.
从远处眺望，古村庄的景色十分宜人。
51.door门；gate大门
∴例：她打开大门让汽车进来。
×误：She opened the door and let the car in.
√正：She opened the gate and let the car in.
说明：door是指房屋、柜子、车辆等的“门”，而gate则指学校、公园、戏院等出入口的“大门”。
∷如：There are two doors in the room.这屋有两个门。
The door of the car is so small.这辆轿车的门真小。
They entered at the main gate.他们从正门进入。
Wait for us at the gate of the school.在校门口等我们。
Our flight is boarding at gate number 18.
我们的航班在十八号门登机。
注意：a door-to-door salesman挨户兜售的推销员
out of doors户外，室外
next door(to sb/sth)隔邻
Shall we eat out of doors with our friends today?
今天和朋友到外面吃饭好不好？
You will find the bedroom next door to your bathroom.
你的卧室挨着浴室。
We went from door to door collecting money for charity.
我们挨家挨户地募集慈善捐款。
52.dozen一打；十二个
∴例：他买了两打瓶装啤酒。
×误：He bought two dozens bottles of beer.
√正：He bought two dozen bottles of beer.
说明：dozen是“一打”“十二个”的意思。dozen前有两个以上的修饰词时，它本身不变，它后面的名词用复数。
∷如：He would like three dozen eggs.他要三打鸡蛋。
The girl bought five dozen towels.女孩买了五打毛巾。
Give me a half dozen oranges.给我半打橙子。
Two dozen bottles of beer.两打瓶装的啤酒。
These eggs are 50p a half dozen.这些鸡蛋五十便士半打。
Pencils are sold by the dozen.铅笔论打销售。
而dozens of(口)=very many很多
∷如：Dozens of buses were parked in the parking lot.
停车站停着很多的公交车。
I have tried phoning her dozens of times.
我多次给她挂电话找她。
The children have been visited the Great Wall dozens of times.
孩子们已经游览长城好多次了。
53.dream梦
∴例：我昨晚做个好梦。
×误：I did a sweet dream.
√正：I dreamed/had a sweet dream.
说明：英语中表示“做梦”to dream a dream或have a dream
∷如：He always dreamed(had)bad dreams last week.
他上周总做恶梦。
一般来讲，不及物动词不能带宾语。
但英语中有些不及物动词可带上与该动词同根的名词作宾语，
语法上称作“同源宾语”。可带同源宾语的动词常用的有：
live，smile，dream，die，breathe，laugh，sleep，sing，fight，
run等。
一般情况下，同源宾语前都有一个定语，这个定语在意义上相当于状语。同源宾语前常用不定冠词修饰。
1)dream a wonderful/sweet dream做美梦
2)dream a bad/terrible dream做恶梦
3)live a happy/hard/simple/quiet/miserable life
过着幸福/艰苦/俭朴/宁静/悲惨的生活
In the past people lived a hard life but now they are living a happy life.
过去人们过着艰苦的生活，但是现在他们过着幸福的生活。
4)smile a forced smile勉强笑笑
He smiled a forced smile at me and went away.
他勉强对我笑笑然后就走了。
5)die a sudden death突然死去
The film star died a sudden death last week.
这个电影明星上周突然去世了。
6)breathe a deep breath做深呼吸
It is good for us to breathe a deep breath in the morning.
清晨起床深呼吸对我们身体有益。
7)laugh a merry laugh开心一笑
laugh a foolish laugh傻笑
Jermy always laughs a foolish laugh at home.
在家杰米总是傻笑。
8)sleep a sound sleep熟睡，睡得极甜
sleep a comfortable sleep睡得很舒服
I slept a comfortable sleep at home yesterday.
我昨天在家里睡得很舒服。
9)sing a wonderful/beautiful song
唱着优美的歌曲
Lucy sang a wonderful song in Tom's birthday party.
露西在汤姆的生日聚会上唱了一首优美的歌曲。
10)fight a victorious battle打胜仗
The soldiers fought a victorious battle there.
士兵们在那儿打了个大胜仗。
11)run a fast race快跑
It is raining；we should run a fast race.
下雨了我们应该快跑。
12)cough a terrible cough咳嗽咳得厉害
Li Man has a cold and he coughs a terrible cough for a
whole day.
李蔓得了感冒，她整天咳嗽得很厉害。
54.dress服装
∴例：她常在周一穿红衣服。
×误：She usually wears red clothes on Monday.
√正：She usually wears red dress on Monday.
说明：dress通常用来指妇女或儿童的服装，或指参加社交活动时穿着的正装。
∷如：She was wearing a silk dress.她穿着一件丝绸礼服。
She was in special dress for the ceremony.
她穿着特别的礼服出席典礼。
I know the actor wearing period dress.
我认识那位身穿特定时代服装的男演员。
Do we have to wear evening dress for this party?
我们必须穿晚礼服出席这次聚会吗？
Try on this dress，please.请试一下这件女装。
in evening dress穿着晚礼服
in full dress盛装
change one's dress换装
national dress民族服装
dress动词“穿衣，打扮”
∷如：She dresses well on very little money among the girls.
在女孩中，她花钱很少却穿得很好。
They dressed in their Sunday best(best clothes)and went the party.
他们身穿节日盛装参加聚会。
She has all dressed up and nowhere to go.
她们打扮得花枝招展却无处可去。(古谚)
55.dynasty朝代
∴例：他们参观了明代故宫遗址。
×误：They visited the site of the old palace of Ming dynasty.
√正：They visited the site of the old palace of the Ming dynasty.
说明：dynasty王朝，朝代。前要加定冠词。
∷如：the Tang dynasty in China中国的唐朝
注意：专有名词前不加冠词。
∷如：1.街名：Wang Fu Jing Street王府井大街
Naking Road南京路
2.广场名：Tian An Men Square天安门广场
3.公园名：Pei Hai Park北海公园
Hyde Park海德公园
4.大学名：Beijing University北京大学
Zhejiang University浙江大学
但也可说：the University of Beijing，
the University of Zhejiang
而在下列情况不用冠词：
1.在物质名词、抽象名词前不用冠词
The desk is made of wood.这个桌子是由木头做的。
What is work?Work is struggle.什么是工作？工作就是竞争。
2.专有名词前不加冠词
Canada，Beijing，Lei Feng
3.名词前有物主代词指示代词，不定代词；
名词所有格修饰时this，my，that，those，these，her 4.月份，星期，季节前不用冠词
Sunday，March，summer，winter
5.在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词
Horses are useful animals.马是有用的动物。
My mother and father are school teachers.
我父母是学校的老师。
6.当一个名词用作表语，同位语补足语来表示某人在当时或现在的职位或头衔时，前面不用冠词。
He is chairman of the Students'Union.
他是学生会主席。
They elected him president of the U.S.A.
他们选他当美国总统。
这里指的职位大体是指独一的职位，“主席”、“主任”都只有一个，如不是独一的要加不定冠词。
She is a teacher of English in our school.
她是我校的一位英语教师。
7.在三餐前不用冠词。
breakfast，lunch，supper
如果这些词的前面有形容词修饰可用不定冠词。
I had a good lunch yesterday.
我昨天中午吃得很丰盛。
We have breakfast at 7 every day.
我们每天七点吃早餐。
8.在球类、棋类名词前不用冠词。
play football(basketball，volleyball)chess...抽象名词、物质名词前不用冠词，但后有定语修饰加the.
Necessity is the mother of invention.
需要是发明之母。(谚)
Science demands of men effort and complete devotion.
掌握科学必下功夫并有高度的献身精神。
He is fond of music.他热爱音乐。
The music of the film is very beautiful.
这个电影的音乐很优美。
Science is making rapid progress in China.
科学正在中国飞速发展。
Physics is the science of matter and energy.物理学是物质和能量的科学。
56.on duty值班
∴例：我昨天下午六点值班。
×误：I was duty at six p.m.yesterday.
√正：I was on duty at six p.m.yesterday.
说明：值班、在工作是on duty，反义短语是off duty.
∷如：You must not smoke while on duty.值班时不要吸烟。
They like to go shopping off duty.工作之余他们喜欢购物。
It's our duty to obey the laws.守法是我们的义务。
Do not forget your duty to your parents.
不要忘记你对父母应尽的义务。
duty常用复数形式duties职责，职务，工作。
∷如：the duties of a policeman警察的职责
household(home)duties家事
此外duty常用复数形式duties仍视为单数是“税，关税”
export(import)duties出口(进口）关税
Customs duties are paid on goods entering the country.
关税是货物进口时应缴的税。
Death duties on property when the owner dies.
遗产税是对死者财产所征收的税。
57.on earth在今世，究竟（到底）
∴例：到底是什么问题？
×误：What's the problem on earth?
√正：What on earth is the problem?
说明：on earth作“究竟(到底）”解时，常放在疑问词(how，where，
who...)之后，用以加强疑问词语气。
∷如：Who on earth has gone?究竟是谁去了？
What on earth did they do?到底他们干了些什么？
Why on earth did you say that thing in the meeting?
你究竟为什么在会上讲这事？
Where on earth can the boy be?这男孩到底在哪儿？
on earth是习语，earth前面不加冠词。
on earth同in the world“在世界上”。
∷如：I am the luckiest man on earth.
我是世界上最幸运的男人。
Who is the greatest inventor on earth(in the world)？
谁是世界上最伟大的发明家？
58.education教育
∴例：他的全部学校教育加一起才十年。
×误：His entire school educations added up to only ten years.
√正：His entire school education added up to only ten years.
说明：education“教育”，一般是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
∷如：receive(get)higher education接受高等教育
Chinese-language education for foreigners
为外国人开办的中文教育。
Wang Dong completed his education in Switzerland.
王东在瑞士完成了学业。
The government is spending much money on education.
政府在教育上投入了大量钱。
但抽象名词表示“一次”“一种”时，也可用不定冠词。
∷如：She has had a college education.
她受过大学教育。
I got a primary education in Beijing.
我在北京接受的初等教育。
The man received an excellent education.
这位男士受过良好的教育。
59.error，mistake错误
∴例：你应该认真写，别弄错了。
×误：You should write carefully，and don't make any mistakes.
√正：You should write carefully，and don't make any errors.
说明：error常用于指笔误及印刷、计算上的错误。
∷如：He always makes an error in spelling.
他总是把单词拼错。
The girl student is often an error of judgement.
这女生常判断错误。
Everyone must pay attention to their spelling errors.
每一个人必须注意拼写错误。
The accident was the result of human error.
这次事故起于人为过失。
mistake常指思想上缺乏正确理解和判断，造成行为上的错误。
∷如：You made many mistakes in your English pronunciation.
你英语发音有许多错误。
I mistook you for an American.
我把你错认为美国人。(动词)
by mistake，in error是常用词组：
∷如：I took his book by mistake(in error).
我错拿了他的书。
They were in error about the address.
他们搞错了地址。
The letter was sent to him in error.信错送给他了。
60.examination考试；exam考试（examination）；test考查；quiz测验
∴例：下周我们将参加期末考试。
×误：We are going to take the final test(quiz)next week.
√正：We are going to take the final examination next week.
说明：examination指正式考试(较exam正式)
∷如：an entrance examination入学考试
pass(fail)an examination考试及格(不及格)
cheat in an examination考试作弊
而exam是examination的缩写形式，(口)test是指“考查，小考”。
∷如：We took an IQ test.我们接受了智力测试。
They will take an examination in French next week.
下周他们要考法语。
She failed her exams and will have to take them again.
她考试不及格，将不得不补考。
quiz是口头或书面的“测验”。
∷如：a quiz show(program)电视等益智问答节目。
We have a quiz in English every day.我们每天测验英语。
61.experience经验
∴例：他有丰富的教学经验。
×误：He has had many experiences in teaching.
√正：He has had much experience in teaching.
说明：experience作“经验”讲是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
∷如：Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的老师。I have no driving experience.我没有驾驶经验。
We all learn by experience.我们都从经验中学习。
作“经历”讲时是可数名词，有单复数形式。
have(has)a pleasant experience有一次愉快的体验Please tell us of your experiences while in Italy.
请告诉我们你在意大利的经历。
It is an experience not to be missed.
这是不可错过的体验经历。
I wrote a book about my experiences in Africa.
我写了一本书，讲述我的非洲经历。
62.expert专家
∴例：我哥哥是位经济学家。
×误：My brother is an expert of economics.
√正：My brother is an expert in economics.
说明：“……的专家”是an expert at(in/on)...
He is an expert at/in cooking.他是位烹饪专家。
Li Dong is an expert on the problem.
李东是这个问题方面的专家。
She is an expert at(in/on)infant education.
她是幼儿教育专家。
According to expert opinions，he will let the doctor test him for diabetes.
依据专家建议，他将让医生对他进行糖尿病检查。
be expert at/in doing擅长做什么
His aunt is expert at/in taking care of children.
他的姑姑擅长照顾小孩。
I am expert at/in doing cross-stitch.
我擅长做十字绣。
63.family家庭
∴例：他的家人都很好。
×误：His family is all well.
√正：His family are all well.
说明：family指整个家庭时是单数，指每个家庭成员时是复数。
∷如：My family are all graduates.
我的家人全是大学毕业。
His family are all very tall and kind.
他的家人都很高并善良。
Your family should always be more important than your job.
你的家庭应该永远比你的工作重要。
family指家庭视为一个整体时仍为单数，谓语动词也用单数。
∷如：Her family is large in our village.
她家在我们村是个大家族。
His family has lived there over 100 years.
他的家住在那里已经超过一百年了。
Almost every family in the village owns a television.
村里差不多每户都有电视机。
Lions belong to the cat family.
狮子属于猫科动物。(family动植物等的科)
family name姓
family tree家谱
family circle家庭圈子
family man有妻子儿女的男人(家庭至上的男人)
family entertainment老幼皆宜的娱乐
the family car家用汽车
64.farm农场
∴例：他在农场工作了八年。
×误：He has worked in the farm for eight years.
√正：He has worked on the farm for eight years.
说明：“在农场”是on the farm，而不是in the farm.
∷如：Last month they spent two weeks on a chicken farm.
上个月他们在养鸡场过了两周。
His father works on a fruit farm with us.
他爸爸和我们在一家果园工作。
After graduating from college the boy works on a pig farm.
大学毕业后男孩工作在一个养猪场。
In the summer holidays the children often work on a farm.
暑假里孩子们常去农场干活。
Farming is extremely hard work.
庄稼活儿艰苦得很。(farming干农活，务农)
run a mink farm经营一家养貂场
farm produce农产品
farm(farmhouse)农家
而farmer同peasant农民，农夫。如a rice farmer稻农
65.favour好意
∴例：我有事要请你帮忙好吗？
×误：Will you give me a favour?
√正：Will you do me a favour?
√正：May I ask a favour of you?
说明：do sb a favour或do a favour for sb是“帮助某人”，其中do不能用give代替。
Would you do me a favour and turn off the radio?
可不可以帮个忙，替我关收音机？
You did me a great favour last year.
去年你帮了我大忙了。
in favour of支持，赞同，反义短语为in favour against
∷如：I am in favour of(against)the plan.
我支持(反对）这个计划。
The children spoke in favour of the motion last week.
孩子们上周发言赞同这项提议。
Are you in favour of private education?
你赞成私人办学吗？
66.fire火
∴例：昨天这栋大楼着火了。
×误：The building caught a fire yesterday.
√正：The building caught fire yesterday.
说明：catch fire“着火”是常用词组，fire前无冠词；
on fire燃烧着，fire前无冠词。
∷如：The house is on fire.这房子着火了。
The warehouse near our school was on fire last night.
我们学校旁边的仓库昨晚失火了。
同样类似的短语有：
set fire to=set...on fire纵火，放火
get on fire起火，而light则为点燃
∷如：Who set the wood house on fire?
是谁放火烧了这个木房子？
The woman set fire to the new car over there.
那个女人在那边放火烧了这辆新车。
The boy was severely burned when his clothes caught fire.
那男孩衣服着了，伤得很重。
Some sparks got the haystack on fire.
火星把那堆干草烧着了。
We lit(light过去式)a fire for warmth.
我们生火取暖。
make/build a fire生火
light/put out a fire点火/熄火
light a candle点燃蜡烛
light a match划亮火柴
light the gas点燃煤气，注意fire前有不定冠词。
67.at first起初，当初
∴例：最初这门课看起来似乎很乏味。
×误：First，the class seemed to be uninteresting.
√正：At first，the class seemed to be uninteresting.
说明：first是“首先，第一”，当它是名词时常常和at连用，
at(the)first是“当初，起初”之意。
∷如：First，do your work，and then you can go out to play.
首先做你的工作，然后再出去玩。
At first，I didn't like the lady but later I got used to her.
起初我并不喜欢这位女士，可不久也就习惯她了。
At first，he thanked us for our help.
当初，他对我们的帮助表示感谢。
First，let him deal with the most important difficulty.
首先，让他来处理最重要的难题。
At first the man did not like fishing but now he does.
起初这位男士并不喜欢钓鱼，但现在喜欢了。
68.food食物
∴例：他出门去买更多的食物。
×误：He went out to buy more foods.
√正：He went out to buy more food.
说明：food“食物”为不可数名词，常用单数。
I like Chinese food very much.
我非常喜欢中国的食品。
Milk is the natural food for young babies.
奶是婴儿的天然食品。
Plants get food from the soil.
植物从泥土中吸收养分。
There is a shortage of food in some areas.
有些地区缺乏食物。
They eat a lot of health foods.
他们吃了很多保健品。
注意：某类食物，food既是可数名词，又是不可数名词。
food and drink食物和饮料
food，clothing and shelter衣，食，住
注意：中外词序不同。特定种类“食品”时才是可数名词，有单复数形式。
canned/frozen foods罐头/冷冻食品
a favorite food最爱吃的食物
food chain食物链
food poisoning食物中毒
His father prefers sea foods.
他父亲喜欢吃海产品。
Too many sweet foods，like cakes and pastry，may increase
your weight.
太多甜食像蛋糕和酥饼可能使你的体重增加。
69.fool愚人，傻瓜，呆子
∴例：这个男人多傻！
×误：How fool the man is!
√正：What a fool the man is!
说明：fool是名词，作动词解释时是“愚弄”“欺骗”，foolish是形容词。
∷如：I am a fool，I left my bag in the taxi.
我真傻，把包遗留在出租车上了。
It was foolish of you to leave school.
You were foolish to leave school.
你中途退学真傻。
Can't you stop fooling?
别再做傻事行不行？
I felt such a fool when I realized my mistake.
当我发现自己的错误时才觉得我是个大傻瓜。
He has fooled many people into believing he is a rich man.
他骗了许多人，让人相信他是个富翁。(动词)
The students made a fool of their new school-fellow.
这些学生们在捉弄新同学。
April Fool's Day愚人节(四月一日)
70.forest森林；wood树林；grove树丛
∴例：这个森林里有很多野生动物。
×误：A lot of wild animals live in this wood.
√正：A lot of wild animals live in this forest.
说明：forest广大而人迹罕至的天然森林。
wood比forest小，离居民住地近，人工培植的树木，一般有小动物栖息其中。
grove小于woods
∷如：They were lost in the forest.
他们在森林中迷了路。
A large part of the country is made up of thick forest.
这个国家大部分都是茂密的森林。
We often walked in the woods.
我们常在森林中散步。
There were groves of pines along the shore.
沿着海岸有几处小松林。
A large part of Canada is covered in forest.
加拿大有大片领土是林地。
After supper we often take a walk in the quiet grove.
晚饭后我们常在那安静的树林里散步。
cannot see the wood for the trees
见树不见林，见小不见大，见局部而不见整体。
out of the wood/woods(副）脱离险境
71.in front of在……前面；in the front of在……（内部）的前头
∴例：在那房子的前面有个公园。
×误：There is a park in the front of the house.
√正：There is a park in front of the house.
说明：两个介词短语，只差一个定冠词，但意思不同，试比较：She sat in the front of the bus.
她坐在公共汽车的前头。(在车内)
The boy was standing in front of the bus.
这个男孩站在公共汽车的前面。(在车外)
He sat in the front of the class.
他在教室里坐在最前排。(在教室里)
There is a pond in front of the new school.
新学校前面有一个池塘。
He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.
他与驾驶员一起坐在车子前座。
There is a small garden in front of house.All of us love it.
房前有一个小花园，我们都酷爱。
72.glasses眼镜
∴例：我阅读时需要眼镜。
×误：I need glass when I read.
√正：I need glasses when I read.
说明：glass当“玻璃”解释时是物质名词，不可数。
∷如：Glass doesn't rust or rot.
玻璃不会生锈也不会腐烂。
There is plenty of glass in the house.
屋内有许多玻璃器皿。
He cut himself on broken glass.
他让玻璃割伤了。
glass“玻璃杯”是普通名词，有单复数形式。
∷如：She dropped and broke two glasses.她摔破了两个玻璃杯。
glasses作“眼镜”解释时，永远是复数形式。
a pair of glasses一副眼镜
The man who is wearing glasses is our friend.
戴眼镜的那个男士是我们的朋友。
In case of emergency，break the glass and press the button.
遇到紧急情况，击碎玻璃罩并摁下按钮。
She can not read without glasses.她不戴眼镜不能看书。
have a glass too much酒喝多了
glassblower吹玻璃工
glasshouse暖房
glassware(总称）玻璃器皿
People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
住在玻璃房子里的人不该扔石头。(谚)
73.goods货物
∴例：那家超市的货物已经卖完了。
×误：The goods of the supermarket is sold out.
√正：The goods of the supermarket are sold out.
说明：goods货物，只有复数形式，不可用数词或many等修饰，作主语时要注意主谓一致。
∷如：Half his goods have been stolen.他有一半的货物被偷了。
Goods from China are sold in the shop.商店出售中国商品。
There is a large variety of consumer goods in the shops.
商店里备有琳琅满目的消费品。
leather goods皮制品sporting goods体育用品
consumer goods消费品frozen goods冷冻食品
electrical goods电器stolen goods赃物
upmarket goods高档商品non-tradable goods不可贸易的商品come up with the goods/deliver the goods履行诺言，完成任务
74.hair头发
∴例：她的头发太长了。
×误：Her hair are too long.
√正：Her hair is too long.
说明：hair指“全部头发，动物的体毛”，是集合名词，一般不用复数形式。
∷如：He has blond hair.他有一头金发。
Her hair is turning gray.她的头发渐渐白了。
She has got short black hair.她的头发又短又黑。
a hair，two hairs一根、两根头发
∷如：My father has quite a few gray hairs.
我父亲有相当多的白发。
He is going to the hairdresser to have(get)his hair cut.
他去理发店理发。
There is a hair in my soup.
在汤里有根头发。
The dog left hairs all over the furniture.
家具上到处有狗毛。
After the wedding ceremony you can let your hair down at the reception.
婚礼后，你可在婚宴上歇一下了。(轻松下来)
They had a hairy journey down the motorway in freezing fog.
在高速路上冒着寒雾开车，真是险象环生。(hairy令人担心的)
You need to have a haircut.你该剪发了。(haircut理发)
fringe刘海curly hair卷发wavy hair曲发
hair-drier吹风机hair pin发卡hairstyle发型，发式
He's bald.他秃顶了。
as bald as an egg光秃秃的
bald eagle(鸟）白头鹰，美国的国鸟用于国徽及货币图案。
与hair相关的短语，
wear one's hair long/short留长发/短发
brush/cob/dress one's hair梳头发
color/dye one's hair染发
do/set/style one's hair做头发
lost one's hair脱发
shampoo/wash one's hair洗发
haircut理发
hairdresser美发师
75.half一半，半
∴例：做这件事用我们半个小时的时间。
×误：It took us half hour to do it.
√正：It took us half an hour to do it.
说明：“半小时”是half an hour，half an apple半个苹果，
half a day半天，美语也可以说a half hour...半小时，
一小时半为one and a half/one and a half hours
half还作形容词或副词使用。
∷如：Half the students are girls.半数的学生是女孩。(形容词)
He wanted half a cup of water.他要半杯水。(形容词)
The half/Half of ten is five.十的一半是五。(名词)
It is half past eight.八点半。(副词)
The school was only half finished.学校工程只完成了一半。
I half thought you might come，but you did not yesterday.
昨天我还以为你多半会来，可是你没有来。
Mary's boyfriend is half German.
玛丽的男友算得上半个德国人。
by halves半途而废(常用于否定句)
∷如：Never/Don't do things by halves.凡事不要半途而废。
half-brother异父兄弟、异母兄弟；
half-sister异父姐妹、异母姐妹(名词)
76.height高度（gh不发音）
∴例：你丈夫有多高？
×误：What's your husband's high?
√正：What's your husband's height?
说明：high是形容词，height是名词，
∷如：The city has many high buildings.这座城市有很多高楼大厦。
The plane is high in the sky.飞机高高地在空中。
You are a man of high character.你是一位品格高尚的人。
The height of the statue is ten feet.
这座雕像的高度是十英尺。
What's your height?My height is just five feet.
你多高？我身高五英尺。
He is standing on a window at the height of 10 feet.
他正站在十英尺高的窗户上。
The small village is the most beautiful in the height of summer.
小村子在盛夏是最美。(=in high summer盛夏)
英语中身高用“tall”，形容词。
∷如：How tall is he?He is 1.75 meter(tall).(口语中tall省)
他身高多少？他身高1.75米。
tall boy(英)=high boy
highborn(形容词）出身高贵的
high-minded高尚的，骄傲的
highbrow(自以为）有高度修养的人(名)，阳春白雪的(形)
high fidelity(电视等）高保真度的
high-flown(言语等）夸张的
high-grade优质的
high-handed，high-pressure高压的，强行的
77.homework家庭作业
∴例：孩子们正忙着做作业。
×误：The children are busy doing their homeworks.
√正：The children are busy doing their homework.
说明：homework是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
当表示“许多作业”可以说much homework或a lot of homework.
∷如：I have much English homework to do today.
今天我有很多英语作业要做。
They have not got any homework，so they can play basketball.
他们没有作业，所以他们能去打篮球。
Have we got any homework today?
我们今天有没有作业要做？
They have got a translation to do for homework.
他们的家庭作业有一篇翻译要做。
注意：homework(重要活动之前必备）准备工作
His speech showed he had done his homework well.
他的演说表明他准备工作做得不错。
The minister had not done his homework and there were several questions that he could not answer.
这位部长准备欠佳，有好几个问题都回答不上。
78.house房子；home家
∴例：许多新房子建成了。
×误：Many new homes have been built.
√正：Many new houses have been built.
说明：house表住宅，房屋等意思，指的是建筑物，home则指某人居住的房子，即同一家庭共同生活的地方。
∷如：There is no place like home.无处比家好。(谚语)
You should go home now.你现在该回家了。
They built a big house in the suburbs.
他们在郊外建了一栋大房子。
How many rooms are there in your house?
你的房子有几间？
Children from broken homes sometimes have learning difficulties.
破碎家庭的儿童有时在学习上会遇到困难。
The old house would make an ideal family home.
这栋老房子不失为一个理想的居所。
He is usually tired when he gets home.
他到家常觉得很劳累。
Her son went abroad and made his home in Canada.
他儿子去国外在加拿大定居了。
Please make yourself at home.别客气，随便些吧！
We have only just moved into our new house and it does not
feel like home yet.
我们刚乔迁，但新房还没有家的气氛。
而home也指某人的国家，当一个美国人说“I am going home this winter.”时意味着他要回美国。
homesick想家的
become/get homesick患思乡病
home economics(视单数）家政学
houseboat船屋
house-number门牌，房屋号码
housekeeper管家
house agent房屋经纪人
housekeeping料理家务；家务开支
house-proud热衷于打理、美化家庭的
housewife主妇
house-warming乔迁宴
house-to-house挨家逐户的
the House of Commons下议院
the House of Lords上议院(英)
the House of Representatives众议院
the Senate参议院(美)
79.job工作；work工作
∴例：在这儿找个工作不容易。
×误：It is not easy to find a work here.
√正：It is not easy to find a job here.
说明：work作“工作”解释时是不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词。
job“工作”是可数名词，有单复数形式。
work一般指较抽象的工作。job是具体的工作，是有报酬的工作。
She has got a good job as a secretary.
她已经找到做秘书的好差事。
The man takes a part-time(full-time)job there.
他在那里做了份兼职(专职)。
He never brings his work home.她绝不把工作带回家。
Zhang Hua didn't do much work.
张华工作做得不多。
It is hard work carrying this piano upstairs.
搬这台钢琴上楼是件辛苦的差事。
I always have a lot of jobs to do in the house at weekends.
每逢周末我总有很多家务要做。
与work有关常见短语：
at work在工作，(机器等）运转
out of work/job失业
set to work=get to work着手……，开始做……
off work在休假的，没上班的
shoot the works(美俚语）孤注一掷
80.kind种类
∴例：你最喜欢哪一种小说？
×误：What kind of a novel do you like best?
√正：What kind of novel do you like best?
说明：表示一个种类“kind+of+名词”，其名词标准用法是不用冠词，并视为单数。
∷如：This kind of flower is beautiful.这种花很漂亮。
What kind of woman is she?她是个怎样的女人？
She is kind of girl who helps others.
她是经常帮助人的那种女孩。
The concert attracted people of all kinds.
The concert attracted all kinds of people.
音乐会吸引了各种各样的听众。
在kinds of后面，名词用单数、复数都可以，但谓语动词必须用复
数。
∷如：There are different kinds of animal(s)in the forest.
森林里有各种不同种类的动物。
I have four kinds of dog(s).我有四种狗。
Those kinds of watches are stronger than the others.
那类手表比其他种类的表坚固耐用多。
There are so many kinds of camera/cameras on the market
that it is hard to know which is best.
市面上的相机种类繁多，很难知道哪一种才是最好的。
81.knowledge知识
∴例：为了获得更丰富的知识，他阅读了许多的书。
×误：He read many books in order to gain/get more knowledges.
√正：He read many books in order to gain/get more knowledge.
说明：knowledge一般是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
∷如：I don't have much knowledge of France.
我对法语懂得不多。
A baby has no knowledge of good and evil.
婴儿不知道善恶。
The professor has extensive knowledge of Ancient Egypt.
这位教授掌握了有关古埃及的广泛知识。
knowledge作为一种特殊知识解释时，前面可用不定冠词。
a knowledge学识，学问。
∷如：He has a good knowledge of politics.
他对政治非常熟悉。
The little girl has a working knowledge of English.
小姑娘的英语达到了可以沟通的地步。
The teacher has a good knowledge of geography.
这位老师有丰富的地理知识。
She has a detailed knowledge of this period.
她对这段时期的情况了解得十分详细。
82.lecture演讲（学术）讲教
∴例：张教授将进行一个有关英语学习的演讲。
×误：Professor Zhang will do a lecture on studying English.
√正：Professor Zhang will give a lecture on studying English.
说明：“做有关……的主题演讲”是give/deliver a lecture on/about
∷如：The professor gave a lecture on Shakespeare last term.
上学期那位教授做了一个关于莎士比亚的讲座。
Our teacher will give a lecture on philosophy.
我们老师将讲授哲学。
He gave a very interesting lecture on the geology of the Pacific.
他就太平洋的地质作了一次有趣的演讲。
lecture作名词还有“冗长的训诫、责备”之意。
∷如：He gave us a lecture for running in the classroom.
他因我们在教室内跑而训诫了我们一顿。
The policeman let him off with a lecture about speeding.
警察就超速一事教训了我，然后放我走了。
lecture theater阶梯教室
lecturer演讲者，授课人，(大学的）讲师
lectureship讲师的职位
83.letter信
∴例：明天我给你写信。
×误：I'll give you write a letter tomorrow.
√正：I'll write you a letter tomorrow.
√正：I'll write a letter to you tomorrow.
说明：“给……写信”write sb.a letter或write a letter to sb.
∷如：She wrote a letter to her parents.
She wrote her parents a letter.
她写信给她的父母。
I have written Mary a letter but I have not sent it yet.
我给玛丽写了一封信，不过还没有寄出。
Letters are delivered by the postman.
送信的是邮递员。
get/receive a letter from sb收到某人的信
answer/reply to a letter回信
tear/open a letter拆开信
letterbomb(以信函形式邮寄的）邮件炸弹
letterbox信箱
letter常用复数形式，作“证书”解释。
∷如：letters of credence(给大使，公使的）国书
letters of credit信用证书
letter box(英）同mail box(美）邮箱
84.life生命
∴例：动植物都有生命。
×误：Animals and plants all have lives.
√正：Animals and plants all have life.
说明：life作“生命现象”解释时是不可数名词，无复数形式。
∷如：There is no life on Mars.
火星上没有生物。
You don't know anything about life.
你一点也不了解人生。
It was he who saved my life.
正是他救了我的性命。
No life was found on the moon.
月球上找不到生命的痕迹。
There was no sign of life in the deserted house.
这座丢弃的房子看不到有任何生命的痕迹。
但作“性命”解释时则为可数名词，有单复数形式。
∷如：Five lives were lost in the accident.
那场意外事故使5人丧命。
He risked his life to save the child in the big fire.
他舍命在大火中抢救那个小孩儿。
The hostages were rescued without loss of life.
人质安然获救。
Life can be hard for a single parent in London. 单身父母的生活在伦敦可不好过。(life不可数)
相关短语：
a matter of life and death生死问题
the struggle for life生存竞争
respect for human life重视生命
married life婚姻生活
all one's life终生，一辈子
to ruin sb.'s life毁某人一生
∷如：Her friend remained single all his life.
她朋友一辈子单身。
life(单数)生活，相关短语：
Live a happy and comfortable life过快乐而舒适的生活lead a busy life过忙忙碌碌的生活
a way of life生活方式
her private life她的私生活
village life乡村生活
to bring sb.back to life救回某人的性命
85.luggage行李
∴例：旅客们已经带着他们的行李进入旅馆。
×误：The tourists have brought their luggages into the hotel.
√正：The tourists have brought their luggage into the hotel.
说明：luggage是不可数名词，没有复数形式，美语通常用baggage，但近年来也用luggage，“一件行李”a piece of luggage，“三件行李”three pieces of luggage
How much luggage/baggage do you have?
你有多少行李？
You can take one piece of hand luggage onto a plane.
你仅能携带一件手提行李上飞机。
We can fit one more piece of luggage in the boot!
我们可以还在行李箱里多放一件行李。
All luggage should be checked in at the airport at least one hour before departure.
旅客须在飞机起飞前至少一小时内在机场办行李托运手续。
luggage rack行李架luggage/baggage van行李车
86.man人类
∴例：人类也是劳动的产物。
×误：A man is also a product of labour.
√正：Man is also a product of labour.
说明：man作“人类”讲时，只能用单数，不加冠词。
∷如：Man is mortal.人皆有死。
Only man knows how to cook.
只有人类懂得烹饪。
Man must change in a changing world.
在变化的世界，人也得变。
Man is destroying the environment.
人类正在破坏环境。
Early man lived by hunting and gathering.
原始人以狩猎和采集为生。
而与man构成复合词：a Frenchman法国人
a businessman商人
a countryman乡下人
a fireman消防员
a postman邮递员man-about-town纨绔子弟
87.maths数学
∴例：数学是我较弱的科目。
×误：Math is my weak subject.
√正：Maths is my weak subject.
说明：maths数学，politics政治，physics物理，phonetics语音学，optics光学等，这些名词经常是带着-s词尾，即“s”是单词本身固有的，并不是他们的复数形式，但通常都作单数看待。
∷如：Maths is an important subject.
数学是一门很重要的学科。
Everyone likes to talk/discuss politics.
每个人都喜欢谈论/议论政治。
Physics has made enormous progress last century.
上世纪物理学取得了迅猛发展。
Phonetics is hard to teach for a new teacher.
对于一位新教师，教语言学不易。
88.meeting会议
∴例：我准备在会上发言。
×误：I am going to speak on the meeting.
√正：I am going to speak at the meeting.
说明：“在会上”习惯用at the meeting.
∷如：There are only two scientists at the meeting.
会上只有两位科学家。
Who was absent at the class meeting?
班会谁缺席了？
与其相关常见短语：
hold a meeting开会
call a meeting召集会议
attend a meeting出席会议meetinghouse礼拜堂
arrange a meeting筹备会议
cancel a meeting取消会议
postpone a meeting延期举行会议
The leader was unable to attend the union meeting. 这位领导人没法出席工会的会议。
而meeting还有“与会者，聚会”之意：
Christmas is a time of family meetings and reunions.
圣诞节是阖家欢聚团圆的日子。
The meeting was in favour of the new proposals.
与会者都支持新的提案。
89.money钱
∴例：我朋友将借我一些钱。
×误：My friend will lend me some moneys.
√正：My friend will lend me some money.
说明：money是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
My father makes much money as a pilot.
我爸爸是飞机驾驶员挣钱很多。
The dollar has fallen in value on world money markets.
美元已经在世界货币市场上贬值。
Many people earned their money in property speculation.
许多人靠房地产投机买卖发了财。
She wants to marry money(a rich man).
她想嫁给一个有钱人。
Young people spend a lot of money on clothes.
年轻人往往在衣着上花很多钱。
He invested his money in stocks and shares last year.
去年他把钱投资在股票上。
Their holiday cost an awful lot of money.
度假耗去了他们一大笔钱。
save money存钱spend money花钱
pocket money零花钱ready money现金
paper money纸币earn money赚钱
moneybags富翁moneylender放债人
money-spinner摇钱树
90.this morning今天早晨
∴例：今天早晨在公园我遇见了她。
×误：I met her in the park today morning.
√正：I met her in the park this morning.
说明：“今天早晨”是this morning，而不说today morning；
同样this evening，tonight今晚，this afternoon今天下午。
“在早上”in the morning.
∷如：The students take exercise in the morning.
学生们在早晨做操。
She only works in the mornings.She is free in the afternoons.
她只在上午工作，下午没事。
但是指特定的早晨用on.
on Monday morning在周一的早晨
tomorrow morning明天早晨
on the morning of the fifth第五天早晨
∷如：I'll meet him on Sunday morning.
我将在周日早上与他见面。
在与early，late连用时，介词要用in.
He arrived at Beijing in the early morning of May the first.
他于五月一号清晨抵达北京。
亦与this，tomorrow，next，every，all等连接。
∷如：They take a walk every morning.
他们每天早晨都去散步。
Dave makes breakfast this morning.
戴维今早做早餐。
I have been studying hard all morning.
整个上午我都在努力学习。
91.news消息、新闻
∴例：我们听到一个好消息。
×误：We heard a good news.
√正：We heard a piece of good news.
说明：news是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
a piece of news一条消息an item of news一则消息
There was an interesting item of news in today's paper.
今天报纸上有一则有趣的消息。
I've got much encouraging pieces of news for you all.
我有许多的好消息要告诉各位。
注意news单数：
∷如：No news is good news.
没消息就是好消息。(谚语)
What is the news today?
今天有什么新闻？
News is coming in of a plane crash in Thailand.
有消息传来说泰国发生空难。
There will be a further news bulletin at 10 o'clock.
十点钟有进一步的新闻简报。
92.newspaper报纸
∴例：我老爸经常看报。
×误：My old father often see the newspaper.
√正：My old father often read the newspaper.
说明：“看报”要说read the newspaper，不能说see the newspaper在下列例子中：“在报纸上我看到这张图片”要说We saw the picture in the newspaper.(注意介词in不用on.)take a newspaper订阅报纸a daily newspaper日报a morning/an evening newspaper早报/晚报newspaper简称paper，the Sunday papers星期日报 。
The newspaper says that he will visit Beijing tomorrow.
It is reported in the newspaper that he will visit Beijing tomorrow.
据报道他将于明天访问北京。
One of their oldest newspapers has just gone out of business.
他们最古老的报社之一刚停业。(newspaper报社)
93.night夜
∴例：他妈妈工作到深夜。
×误：His mother worked late at the night.
√正：His mother worked late at night.
说明：“深夜”late at night，at night“在夜晚”是固定词组，其中没有定冠词。
∷如：They often stay up late at night to play games.
他们常熬夜玩游戏。
Nurses often have to work at night.
护士常常要在夜间工作。
Is that programme at 8 o'clock in the morning or 8 o'clock
at night?
那节目是上午八点还是晚上八点？
in the night在夜晚
The telephone rang twice in the night.
电话在晚上响了两次。
常见短语如：
It rained heavily in the night.夜间下大雨。have a good/bad night晚上睡得好/不好
to sleep well all night一夜睡得很好
night and day=day and night夜以继日地
Do not worry about it night and day.不要日夜为这事操心。
94.number数字、数、号码
∴例：我们班的男生人数是十。
×误：The number of boys in our class are ten.
√正：The number of boys in our class is ten.
说明：例子中number是主语，第三人称单数，动词也要用单数；
a number of“很多”是固定词组，作定语，后接复数可数名词。
∷如：The number of the students in his class is forty.
他班上学生人数是40位。
A number of friends have come.
很多朋友都来了。
There are a number of places to see in Chaoyang. 朝阳有很多地方可以参观。
A number of men were called in.
有几个男工被叫到里面。
The number of cars in China is increasing.
在中国汽车的数量正在增加。
Thirteen is considered to be an unlucky number in English. 英语里十三被视为不吉祥的数字。
What is the number of your car?
你的车牌是什么？
Choose a number between one and ten.
在一至十之间选一个数字。
No(number缩写)10 Downing Street is the official home of
the British Prime Minister.
唐宁街10号是英国首相的官邸。
注意：a number of+名词复数，动词是复数；the number of的动词是单数。
95.officer军官；official官员
∴例：他是一位陆军军官。
×误：He is an official in the army.
√正：He is an officer in the army.
说明：officer军官，official官员，这两词有些形似，容易混淆要注意区
别。
∷如：Our good friend is a naval officer.
我们的好朋友是个海军军官。
Officer Tom will help you to do the matter.
汤姆警官会帮你做这件事。
My husband is a government official.
我丈夫是位政府官员。
The reception was attended by high-ranking officials and important railway officials.
出席招待会的有高级官员及铁路部门要员。
officer警察，警官。a police officer警官
∷如：Please give us a hand，officer.警官，请帮忙。
而official还有“公务的，官方的，正式的”之意，形容词。
You have to get official permission to build a new house.
你想建新房，必须得到官方的许可。
96.opinion意见、看法
∴例：依我看他是错的。
×误：According to my opinion，he is wrong.
√正：In my opinion，he is wrong.
说明：“依某人的意见”常用词组：in one's opinion
∷如：In my opinion you must go in time.
按我的意见你必须及时去。
In his opinion we are all mistaken.
按他的意见我们全错了。
In my opinion，the car is of no use to you.
照我看，你要车没用。
What is your opinion on/about the situation?
你对形势的看法如何？
We should ask his opinion for a picnic in the country. 去乡间野餐我们应征求他的意见。
according to是“根据……”，本身含有“……的意见”。
According to the TV，it will be fine today.
根据电视报道，今天会是个晴天。
Answer my questions according to the text.
根据课文回答我的问题。
We should act according to circumstances.
我们应该随机应变。
Each man will be paid according to his ability.
各人将依照能力大小取得报酬。
You will be praised or blamed according to your work.
将根据你的工作来表扬或批评你。
97.page页
∴例：翻开书本38页。
×误：Open your books on page 38.
√正：Open your books at page 38.
√正：Open your books to page 38.(英)
说明：“打开书第几页”要用介词at(to)表示“书中第几页”要用on.
∷如：You will find the illustration on page 109.
你会在109页找到插图。
The answer is on page 200.
答案在200页。
Start each answer on a new page.
每题的答案都要在新的一页上写。
Full flight details are given on page 188.
航班的详细资料刊于第188页。
page(报纸等的）专栏，专页。
∷如：the editorial page社论版
the sports page体育栏，体育版
the front page of a newspaper报纸的头版
These years will be remembered as some of the finest pages
in our country's history.
这些年将作为我国历史上最美好的时期之一被载入史册。
(page“值得记载的”重要事件或时期)
98.pair对，双，副
∴例：他要买副眼镜。
×误：He wants to buy a pair glasses.
√正：He wants to buy a pair of glasses.
说明：a pair of一对，一双，(由两个形成的）一条，一副(两个部分形成的）单件物品，
∷如：a pair of trousers/pants一条裤子
a pair of shoes一双鞋
two pairs of scissors两把剪刀
A pair of spies were arrested.
两个间谍被捕了。
These two socks are not a pair.
这两只袜子不是一双的。
A pair of blackbirds are nesting in the weeping willow.
一对黑鹂在垂柳树上筑巢。
The pair of pandas were/was the main attraction at the zoo. 这对熊猫是动物园最引人注目的动物。
the newly married pair新婚夫妇
a pair of dancers一对舞伴
in pairs“成双成对地”
They came in and sang in pairs.
他们成双成对地走并唱着进来。
These earrings are only sold in pairs.
这些耳环只能成对出售。
99.paper纸，报纸，试卷
∴例：我们用白纸包这些书。
×误：We wrapped up the books in white papers.
√正：We wrapped up the books in white paper.
说明：paper作“纸”解释时是不可数名词，没有复数形式。“一些纸”some paper
“许多纸”much paper
“一张纸”a piece of paper/a sheet of paper
作“报纸”“试卷”解释时是可数名词，有单复数形式。
I read the school paper on my way to school.
我在上学的路上读校刊。
Yesterday's papers were very interesting.
昨天报纸很有趣。
The English paper was very hard.
英语试卷很难。
The teacher has to grade(mark)the papers in time. 老师必须及时批改考卷。
Has the paper been delivered?
报纸已送过了吗？
You will have to show your papers at the gate.
在大门口你必须出示证件。
The teachers set us an English paper.
老师给我们出英语考卷。
100.plenty大量，许多
∴例：湖里有许多水。
×误：There is plenty water in the lake.
√正：There is plenty of water in the lake.
说明：plenty后常接of，plenty of短语是“大量的”“许多的”，后接可数名词或不可数名词。
∷如：plenty of books/bags大量的书/包
plenty of money/time大量的钱/时间
There are plenty of children in the auditorium.
会堂里有许多孩子。
There are plenty of students who want to speak English. 有很多学生想要学说英文。
They have plenty of food left after the party.
宴会后他们剩下许多食物。
Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories there. 许多外国公司已在那里设厂。
Make sure you take plenty of warm clothes with you. 你一定要记得带足够的御寒衣服。
There is still plenty of time to get there.
有充足的时间到那里。
101.police警察
∴例：那位新警察抓住了一名小偷。
×误：The new police arrested a thief.
√正：The new policeman arrested a thief.
说明：通常用the police视为复数同policemen(集合用法）警员，
一个警察a policeman或称a policewoman
∷如：I'll call the police.我要叫警察了。
We'd better ask the police to investigate this matter.
我们最好请警方调查此事。
Qiao，our good friend is a traffic policeman.
乔，我们的好朋友是位交通警察。
Extra police were rushed to the scene of the trouble. 已增派警察赶往出事地。
The police are investigating the murder.
警方正在调查那宗谋杀案。
There were over 500 police on duty(=members of the police).
有超过五百名警察值班。
102.population人口
∴例：那个城市的人口是25万。
×误：The population of the city are 250000.
√正：The population of the city is 250000.
√正：The city has a population of 250000.
说明：population是集合名词没有复数形式，谓语动词也不能用复数。
∷如：The population of Taiwan is increasing.
台湾人口数量正在增加。
What is the population of the country?
那个国家人口是多少？
There has been a real population explosion here over the last decade.
在最近十年里这儿确实出现了人口爆炸。
The prison population has greatly increased in recent years. 近年来，监狱内的囚犯人数已大大增加了。
an increase in population人口的增加
a fall in population人口的减少
103.pork猪肉
∴例：我不喜欢吃猪肉。
×误：I don't like meat of pig.
√正：I don't like pork.
说明：meat是肉类的总称。(通常指兽肉，家禽肉用poultry，鱼肉用
fish，不用此词。)
∷如：Will you have meat or fish，for dinner?
晚餐想吃肉还是鱼？
Our religion forbids the eating of meat.
我们信仰的宗教禁止食肉。
There is not much meat on that chicken.
那块鸡上没有多少肉。
She does not eat meat，she's a vegetarian.
她不吃肉，她吃素。
Meat can be described as tough or tender，lean or fatty. 形容肉可以用老或嫩，瘦或肥。
We often call beef，mutton and lamb red meat.
牛肉，羊肉，羔羊肉通常叫做红肉。
The meat from birds is called white meat.
鸟肉叫白肉。
We can fry，grill，roast or stew meat.
肉的烹调方法有多种，煎、烧、烤或炖。
在具体指“猪肉”“鸡肉”等时，不能说meat of pig/chicken，而是beef牛肉；chicken鸡肉；lamb小羊肉；mutton羊肉；
pork猪肉；meatball肉丸。而鸟类的食用肉和鸟类本身的名称相
同：
We shall have duck for lunch，not chicken.
午餐我们吃鸭不吃鸡。
104.practice，exercise练习
∴例：他叫学生做英语练习。
×误：He made the students do an English practice.
√正：He made the students do an English exercise.
说明：practice和exercise都有“练习”的意思，但practice是指“经常反复的练习”。
It takes a lot of practice to become a good swimmer.
想成为一位游泳健将必须勤加练习。
In order to play the piano well，you must have plenty of practice.
为了弹好钢琴，你必须多练。
Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
exercise则指锻炼或学业，在时间或内容方面没有严格的规定。
∷如：Jogging is good exercise.
慢跑是很好的运动。
The students ought to do 30 minutes'exercises every day.
学生每天应有三十分钟的体育锻炼。
Have you done your maths exercises?
你们完成数学作业了吗？
You had better take more exercise during day-to-day life. 在日常生活中你最好多锻炼身体。
want/lack of exercise缺乏运动
do exercises运动，做体操
do morning exercise做早操
105.price价格
∴例：这本英汉词典价格太贵。
×误：The price of this English-Chinese dictionary is so expensive.
√正：The price of this English-Chinese dictionary is so high.
说明：price价格，有“高”“低”high/low；表东西的“贵”“便宜”时，用expensive，cheap.
∷如：The prices of watches are very low at that store.
Watches are very cheap at that store.
那家店的手表很便宜。
You can not put a price on friendship.
友谊是不能论价的。
We all know that good health is priceless.
我们都知道身体健康是可贵的。
We can not afford to buy the car at that price.
以那个价钱，我们买不起那辆车。
Is pollution the price we have to pay for progress?
污染是我们为进步而不得不付出的代价吗？
询问价钱时，price与what连用。
What is the price of this bed?这个床多少钱？Prices jump up/rise/shoot up.物价上涨。
The price of land is very high here.
这里的地价非常高。
Prices are lower in the country than in the city. 乡下物价比城市便宜。
The prices rise/go up or fall/go down.
价格可上涨或下跌。
注意：price，charge，cost三个词的区别。
Price是指购物时所要缴付的金额。
Charge指使用某物而要缴付的金额。
∷如：Is there a charge for parking here?
停车需缴费吗？
Cost是指服务的收费或一般的价钱，并且没有确实款额。
The cost of electricity is going up.电费在上涨。
The cost of living is very high in Beijing.
北京生活费用很高。
106.progress进步
∴例：好好学习天天向上。
×误：Study hard and make a progress every day.
√正：Study hard and make progress every day.
说明：progress是不可数名词，前面不应该加不定冠词。
“取得很大进步”是make good/great progress.
∷如：You have made great progress in(speaking)English.
你说英语有很大进步。
The students are making rapid progress in chemistry.
学生们在化学这一学科进步很快。
Progress in the peace talks between you and them has rather disappointing.
你和他们间的和谈进展令人相当失望。
The talks have made very little progress towards solving the problem.
会谈在解决问题方面进展甚少。
The heavy traffic meant that we made very slow progress.
交通严重阻塞，我们行进得十分缓慢。
107.public公众
∴例：不要当众演说。
×误：Don't speak in the public.
√正：Don't speak in public.
说明：the public是“公众”“群众”“大众”之意，
the general public一般大众。
∷如：Is the art museum open to the public?
那家美术馆开放给公众参观吗？
The public announcement urged people to use water carefully.
公告呼吁大众节约用水。
The rubbish tip is a danger to public health.
垃圾倾倒场危害公众健康。
The city gardens are open to the public every day.
城市各公园每天对公众开放。
The police have asked for help from members of the public. 警方已向公众要求协助。
The public is/are generally in favour of the new law.
公众一般都支持这项新法令。
in public是“当众”，它的反义短语：in private.
∷如：He hates to be seen in public.
他讨厌出现在大庭广众之前。
This is the first time that Jack has spoken about his experience in public.
这是杰克首次公开讲述自己的经历。
108.question，problem问题
∴例：我知道如何解决钱的问题。
×误：I know how to solve the question of money.
√正：I know how to solve the problem of money.
说明：question和problem都是“问题”，但前者是因对某事不明白而提出需要回答的问题，后者是指等待解决的问题。
∷如：questions and answers问题和解答
I couldn't answer five of the questions in the exam.
我在考试中有五道题答不出来。
Put up your hand if you want to ask a question.
想问问题就举手。
We all agree that more money should be spent on education. The question is where that money is going to come from.
我们都同意应该在教育方面多花些钱，问题是钱从哪来。
answer a question回答问题；
ask a question问问题。
而problem常与之连用动词solve
∷如：They solved all the problems of housing.
他们解决了全部住房问题。
The problem of traffic is very important in some cities.
在一些城市交通问题很重要。
This is a policy that will solve the unemployment problem.
这是一项将解决失业难题的政策。
The government is trying to solve the problem of inflation.
政府正设法解决通胀问题。
109.radio收音机
∴例：我从收音机中听他的演说。
×误：I heard his speech by the radio.
√正：I heard his speech on the radio.
√正：I heard his speech over the radio.
说明：“从收音机听到……”是hear sth.on/over the radio.
∷如：All of us heard the news on/over the radio.
我们所有人从收音机广播得知那新闻。
The old man is listening to the radio.
这位老者正收听无线电广播。
My favourite singer is now on the radio. 我喜欢的歌手正在电台演出。
We can listen to music broadcast by radio.
我们可以通过无线电听音乐节目。
注意：two radios(two radio sets)两台收音机。
send a message by radio利用无线电发送讯息
watch television(TV)看电视，television不加the，而radio加。
110.reason理由
∴例：你这么做的理由是因为你太年轻。
×误：The reason why you are doing so is because you are too young.
√正：The reason why you are doing so is that you are too young.
说明：“……的理由是因为……”英语习惯用the reason...is that
∷如：The reason why we don't trust him is that he has often lied.我们不相信他的原因是因为他时常说谎。
The reason they have come to live in Haikou is that it is
warmer here.
他们来海口居住的理由是因为这里天气暖和。
The reason I did not tell him was that I wanted it to be a surprise.
我没告诉他缘由，打算让这事使他感到意外惊喜。
She left the job for personal reasons five years ago.
五年前她因私人理由离职。
He had no reason to be rude to me，I had not been rude to him.
他没有理由对我无礼，我从没有对他无礼过。
I will pay anything in/within reason for a ticket.
只要价钱合理/可以接受，我就会购票。
111.the rest剩余部分，其余的人
∴例：我们中一些人已经走了，其余的人将留下来。
×误：Some of us have gone，the rest is to stay here.
√正：Some of us have gone，the rest are to stay here.
说明：the rest做主语时，谓语动词是单数还是复数要看情况而定，一般来说the rest所指的如为复数，则谓语动词用复数，the rest代表的是其他不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
∷如：The rest of the money was donated to charities.
剩余的钱全数捐给慈善机构。
One of the books is written in Chinese and the rest are inFrench.
那些书中有一本是中文的，其余都是法文。
Here is the rest of the milk.
这就是剩下的牛奶。
Most of the oranges are bad，the rest are good.
大多数橙子是坏的，其余的是好的。
We had lunch and spent the rest of the day on the beach.
我们吃过午饭，当天剩余的时间就在沙滩上度过。
One of the questions was easy but the rest were quite
difficult.
其中一条很容易，其余的则颇难。
112.as a result因为，由于
∴例：由于交通阻塞，他迟到了。
×误：He was late as the result of the traffic jam.
√正：He was late as a result of the traffic jam.
说明：as a result“因为，由于，结果”，固定词组，其中冠词是a，而不是the.
∷如：As a result，he gets fatter and fatter.
结果他变得越来越胖了。
Many people were injured as a result of the accident.
那场意外事故有许多人受伤。
The students were late as a result of the heavy rain. 学生们由于大雨而来迟了。
result“后果，结果”，名词。
This was not really the result that I was expecting.
实际上这并非我所期望的结果。
The result of their argument was that they never spoke to each other again.
那次争吵导致他们彼此不再说话。
113.in the right对，正确，有道理
∴例：我认为你显然是对的。
×误：I think you are clearly on the right.
√正：I think you are clearly in the right.
说明：in the right是固定词组，“正确，对”，等于right.
∷如：What you said is in the right.
你说得正确。
It is never right to steal.
偷窃永远都是错误的。
It is not right to pay people so badly in the city.
在城市支付那么低工资是不合理的。
on the right是“在右边”。
∷如：They drive on the right side of the road in America.在美国汽车靠右侧行驶。
The post-office you want to go is on the right/left.你要去的那家邮局在右边/左边。
You can take the seat on my right.
你可以坐我右边的座位。
114.river江、河
∴例：他们常在河里游泳。
×误：They often swim on the river.
√正：They often swim in the river.
说明：在江河里游泳用介词in，同样在江河里垂钓也用介词in，而划船则用介词on
∷如：The children often fished in the river.
孩子们常在那条河垂钓。
My uncle likes to go boating on the river.
我叔叔喜欢在河里划船。
In summer they like to picnic on the bank of the river. 夏季他们喜欢在河边野餐。
A boat sails on the river.
船在河上航行。
up/down river逆流而上/顺流而下
注意：指河川名称时，river(美）加在名称之后。
∷如：the Hudson River哈德逊河而(英)则在名称之前。
∷如：the River Thames泰晤士河此外，亦常省略river，作the Thames，The Mekong湄公河与river有关短语：
river mouth河口riverside河岸，河边
river basin流域riverbed河床，河底
In summers people like to stroll along the riverside.
每逢夏季人们喜欢在河边散步
The river is ten kilometers wide at the mouth.
那条河的河口宽十公里。
cross a river渡河
dredge a river疏浚河流
ford a river渡水过河(动词短语)
115.room房间、空间
∴例：他们已经给你留了地方。
×误：They have made a room for you.
√正：They have made room for you.
说明：room作“房间”讲是可数名词，有单复数形式；而表示(人物占有的）空间，场所、位置是不可数名词。
∷如：I reserved a single room at the hotel.
我向那家旅馆订了单人房。
The piano takes up too much room.
那架钢琴占用了太大的空间。
There was no room to turn around in the narrow street. 那条狭窄的街道无转弯的空间。
Will you make room for us?
你能腾个位置给我们吗？
There is much room to improve in the plan.
那项计划大有改善的余地。
They are pulling down those old schools to make room for new ones.
旧学校正在拆除，以便腾出空地建新校。
There were so many people that there was not any room to move.
人太多了，简直是寸步难行。
与room相关短语：
bedroom寝室classroom教室
darkroom暗室operating room手术室locker room更衣室，存物室showroom陈列室
reference room资料室waiting room会客室sick-room病房tea-room茶室
work-room工作室
116.safety安全
∴例：那位朋友对我们说：“安全第一”。
×误：The friend said to us，“safe first”.
√正：The friend said to us，“safety first”. 说明：safe是形容词，它做名词用是“保险箱”。
∷如：Put your bag in the safe place.
把你的包放在安全的地方。
Our house is safe from floods.
我们的家没有遭水淹的危险。
The valuables are kept in the safe.
那些贵重物品放在保险箱里。
safety是名词“安全”，平安与danger相对应。
∷如：She was anxious for his safety.
她担心他是否平安。
The safety of the ship is the captain's responsibility.
保证船舶安全是船长的责任。
safety island(道路中的)安全岛=safety zone
road safety交通安全
safety belt安全带
make sure(secure)the safety of passengers确保乘客的安全
117.sand沙，沙滩
∴例：有几个孩子在沙滩玩耍。
×误：Several children are playing on the sand.
√正：Several children are playing on the sands.
说明：sand作“沙”解释时是不可数名词，没有复数形式；作“沙滩、沙漠、沙洲”解释时常用复数形式。
The sand on the beach was white.
海滨的沙子是白色的。
When we go on holiday all we want is sun，sea and sand.
我们度假时最希望享受的是阳光、大海和沙滩。
Mix sand and cement.
把沙子和水泥混合起来。
They walked on the burning sands of the desert. 他在滚烫的沙洲上行走。
golden sands金黄色的沙洲
across the burning sands of the desert越过沙漠中灼热的沙地
118.scissors剪刀
∴例：不要用剪刀剪它。
×误：Don't cut it with a scissor.
√正：Don't cut it with a pair of scissors.
说明：注意“剪刀”是由两部分组成的，没有单数形式。
还有：shoes鞋gloves手套chopsticks筷子
pants裤子shorts短裤pliers钳子
glasses(spectacles)眼镜jeans工装裤等这类名词若用数量表示，一般用a pair of.
Where are my new scissors?我的新剪刀在哪？
These scissors don't cut well.这把剪刀不锋利。
因视为复数，故不可说this scissors，但可说this pair of scissors She has a pair of new glasses.
She has a new pair of glasses.
她有一副新眼镜。
119.salesman推销员，店员；saleswoman、salesgirl女店员
∴例：这些女店员又高又漂亮。
×误：The saleswomans are tall and beautiful.
√正：The saleswomen are tall and beautiful.
说明：英语中有些名词不分性别，例如student，driver，worker...，如果要表示所指人物性别时，可在其前面加woman，man，girl，boy等词。
∷如：a girl student女学生a boy friend男朋友
a man driver男司机a woman worker女工
用woman和man作定语时，如果他们所修饰的名词是复数，那么他们本身也要用复数，试比较：
I met a man teacher yesterday.
昨天我遇到了一位男老师。
The two women drivers are our friends.
两位女司机是我们的朋友。
man和woman的单复数也可放在另一名词后，构成复合名词。
∷如：a salesman一个男售货员、外卖员
an insurance salesman一位男保险推销员five saleswomen五个女售货员
120.scene、scenery风景，景色
∴例：这个风景取材于一个美丽的湖泊。
×误：The scenery is of a beautiful lake.
√正：The scene is of a beautiful lake.
说明：a scene指某地的风景；而scenery指某国，某地的风景外观(全景)，scenery是不可数名词，无复数形式。
The scenery of the Alps is beautiful.
阿尔卑斯山的景色很美。
The night scene in Honolulu was quite fantastic.
火奴鲁鲁的夜景绝佳。
Constable is a painter of street scenes.
康斯坦布尔是位街景画家。
We saw a beautiful scene from the top of the mountain. 我们看见了自山顶远眺的美景。
Jack painted many scenes of rural life.
杰克画了很多乡郊生活场景的画。
注意：scenery，landscape，view三个词的区别，Scenery自然景物，风景：
The scenery is superb in the mountains.
山区风景十分壮观。
Landscape则指某个地方自然景物的分布/地形：
Trees and hedges are a typical feature of British landscape. 树木和树篱是英国乡村的典型景色。
View用于指从窗口或塔上望下去所见到的景物：
There was a marvellous view of the sea from our hotel room.
从酒店房间望去，可看见壮丽的海景。
121.sea海
∴例：我常在海边散步。
×误：I often take a walk by sea.
√正：I often take a walk by the sea.
说明：by sea是“乘船”，由海路；经陆路是by land；航空运输by air，
需注意无冠词。
They went abroad by sea last month.
他们上月乘船出国。
Last year we traveled by sea.
去年我们搭船旅行。
There were several people swimming in the sea yesterday. 昨天有几个人在海里游泳。
The Thames flows into the sea at Gravesend.
泰晤士河在格雷夫森德流入大海。
The sea is quite calm/rough in the morning.
今晨海面颇平静/波涛起伏。
There were a lot of visitors swimming in the sea. 有许多游客在海中游泳。
They spent about seven weeks at sea last year.
去年他们在海上航行了七周。(at sea航行)
by the sea是“在海边”
sea air海边空气sea bathing海水浴seafood海产品
sea cucumber海参sea horse海马sea shell贝壳
seaside海滨seaweed海藻，海草sea level海平面，海拔It is a lovely day.Let us go to the seaside with the children.
今天天气真好，我们和孩子们一起到海边去吧！
He always feels/gets seasick.He has to go there by train.
他总是晕船。他不得不乘火车到那里。
122.shade树荫
∴例：那棵大树宜于乘凉。
×误：That large tree makes a nice shadow.
√正：That large tree makes a nice shade.
说明：shade指“遮阴处”；而shadow指“影子”。
∷如：a shadow of a tree树影
The dog saw his shadow in the water.
狗看见了它映在水里的影子。
Let's sit in the shade.
让我们在阴凉处坐下来吧。
She is afraid of her own shadow. 她害怕自己的影子。
The old man was sitting in the shade of a wall. 老者正坐在墙下阴凉的地方。
The shadows lengthened as the sun went down. 太阳下山的时候，影子越拉越长。
The little dog was chasing its own shadow.
小狗在追逐自己的影子。
He has always lived in the shadow of his older brother.
他一直生活在他哥哥的影响下。
123.shortcoming缺点
∴例：尽管有不足，他已是尽力而为了。
×误：He does his best in spite of shortcoming.
√正：He does his best in spite of shortcomings.
说明：shortcoming是可数名词，常用复数形式；
shortcomings短处，缺点，不足。
∷如：In spite of all his shortcomings he is still one of the best teachers here.
虽然他有许多不足，他仍是这最好的老师之一。
The inspection revealed serious shortcomings in our safety procedures.
检查暴露了我们在安全程序上严重的不足。
As a leader，she had many shortcomings.
作为领导，她有很多不足之处。
Pessimism is my serious shortcomings.
悲观是我最大的缺点。
shortage指“不足，短缺，匮乏”。
There was severe shortage of food during the war.
粮食在战争期间严重短缺。
After the Spring Festival，shortage of workers is our main problem.
春节过后，工人短缺是我们的首要问题。
124.shoulder肩膀
∴例：我们并肩学习。
×误：We study shoulder and shoulder.
√正：We study shoulder to shoulder. 说明：“并肩的，紧靠在一起的”是shoulder to shoulder，固定词组。
∷如：We stand shoulder to shoulder on this issue.
在这场争论中我们肩并肩地站在一起。
Put this overcoat your on shoulders in case you get cold.
把大衣披上，以防着凉。
常与shoulder有关的短语，
cry on a person's shoulder向某人倾诉苦楚
give/get a person the cold shoulder冷淡地对待某人
show somebody a cold shoulder冷落某人
shrug one's shoulders耸肩(表示不在乎，惊奇等)
After he left his wife for a younger woman，his friends all gave/got him the cold shoulder.
他为一个年轻女人而抛弃妻子后，朋友们都冷落他了。
After my divorce I cried on my good friend's shoulder.
After my divorce I needed a shoulder to cry on.
离婚以后我需要一个安慰的人。
注意shoulder动词，承担(责任)：
You and I shouldered all the blame for the accident.
我和你承担了那次意外的全部责任。
125.sight视力
∴例：我视力很好。
×误：I have good sights.
√正：I have good sight.
说明：sight作“视力”解释时是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
∷如：The man lost sight in the war.
这个人在战争中双目失明。
Many students have near/short sight in China.
在中国许多学生患近视。
I don't have far/long sight.
我没患远视。
My grandmother has very poor sight.
我祖母视力很差。
They waited until the plane was within sight and then fired. 他们一直等到飞机进入视野范围内才开火。
The mother did not let the child out of her sight.
这位妈妈不让孩子走出她的视线以外。
而作为“名胜，风景”解释时是可数名词，通常用sights.
∷如：The Great Wall is one of the sights of the world.
长城是世界名胜之一。
My son and I did/saw the sights of Paris last year.
我和我儿子去年到巴黎观光。
the sights of Shanghai上海的名胜
sightseer观光者
sightseeing观光，游览
in sight即将发生
catch sight of sb/sth瞥见
at first glance/sight，at/on sight乍一看，一见到
126.sky天空
∴例：太阳下山了。
×误：The sun has set in the air.
√正：The sun has set in the sky.
说明：in the air和in the sky都表示“在天空”，有时可以互换。
∷如：The dragonfly is flying in the air/sky.
蜻蜓在天空中飞行。
A red balloon is floating high up in the air/sky.
一个红色的气球在高空中飘浮着。
The little girl saw a plane high up in the sky. 小姑娘看见高空中有架飞机。
The sky turned dark as the storm came near.
暴风雨来临时，天空转暗。
但只能说：The sun is in the sky.
The stars can be seen in the sky after sunset.
与sky有关的常用词：
sky-blue天蓝色skyjack空中劫机
skylark云雀(鸟的一种)skylight天窗
skyscraper摩天大楼sky-high高耸入云的/地
skyjacker空中劫机者
Prices have gone sky-high in that city after the earthquake.
震后物价在那个城市飞涨。
127.soap皂
∴例：我姐姐要买一块香皂。
×误：My sister is going to buy a toilet soap.
√正：My sister is going to buy a cake of toilet soap.
说明：soap是不可数名词，一条、块香皂要说：
a bar/cake/piece toilet soap
Two bars/cakes/pieces of toilet soap两条、块香皂
Wash your hands with medical soap.用药皂洗手。
They went to wash the clothes and forget to take any soap with them.
他们去洗衣服忘带肥皂了。
He never use soap on his face，it makes his skin too dry. 他从不用肥皂洗脸，它使他的皮肤过于干燥。
soap opera连续剧，肥皂剧(源于以往常有肥皂制造商提供)
soap powder，powdered soap肥皂粉
bath soap浴皂face soap洗脸皂
laundry soap洗衣皂scented soap香皂
128.sound，voice声音
∴例：我听见流水声。
×误：I heard the voice of running water.
√正：I heard the sound of running water.
说明：sound是泛指各种声音，为可数或不可数名词。
∷如：Not a sound was heard.
寂静无声，无声无息。
Strange sounds came from the next room.
从隔壁房间传来了一些怪声。
The box produced a curious sound.
那个盒子发出奇怪的声音。
We often hear the sound of a violin from the big house.
从这大房子里我们常听见提琴声。
而voice主要指人的声音，音质。
∷如：Her friend has a very beautiful voice.
她朋友的声音非常好听。
His voice carries very well.
他声音很洪亮。
The boy cried at the top of the voice. 这男孩高声哭叫。
常用短语：
drop/lower one's voice放低声音
lift up one's voice大声喊叫
lose one's voice嗓子变哑
raise one's voice提高嗓门
a male/female voice男声/女声
be in good voice嗓子好，声音嘹亮
the voice of America美国之音(美国政府对海外的广播机构）略为：VOA.
129.speech演讲，致辞，演说
∴例：她以和平为题发表演说。
×误：He did a speech on peace.
√正：He made/gave a speech on peace.
说明：演讲是make/give/deliver a speech，固定搭配；
而lose one's speech(紧张，害怕）说不出话来。
∷如：He gave an opening/a close speech.
他致开幕/闭幕词。
The new chairman delivered an inaugural speech yesterday.
新主席昨天做了就职演说。
Speech is silver，silence is golden.
雄辩是银，沉默是金。(谚语)
I think young people are sometimes disrespectful/sloppy in their speech.
我认为年轻人有时说话失礼/太随便。
Only human beings are capable of speech.
只有人类具有说话的能力。
The Chancellor is going to make a speech to city businessmen. 财政大臣要向企业家们发表演讲。
freedom of speech(to speak your opinions openly)言论自由
to lose the power of speech失去说话能力
130.spirit精神，情绪
∴例：学生们现在精神振奋。
×误：The students are in high spirits now.
√正：The students are in high spirit now.
说明：spirit作“精神”解释时是不可数名词，没有复数。
∷如：Blessed are the poor in spirit.
虚心的人有福。(圣经经典句)
The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.
心有余而力不足。
The constant setbacks finally broke my spirit. 不断的挫折终于使我的意志消沉。
Everyone entered into the spirit of the party.
人人尽情投入聚会。
用复数形式spirit是“情绪，心情”之意。
∷如：Their friendly short message raised my spirits.他们的亲切短信使我精神为之一振。
be in bad/low spirits垂头丧气
be in good/high spirits情绪高涨
131.sport运动，比赛
∴例：学校运动会下周六举行。
×误：The school sport will take place next Saturday.
√正：The school sports will take place next Saturday.
说明：sport运动，比赛。“运动会”习惯说sports(英）或sports meet
∷如：Baseball is my favourite sport.
棒球是我最喜爱的运动。
Do you do/play any sports?
你平时运动吗？
My son did a lot of sport when he was at school.
我儿子在学校时参加许多体育活动。
Parachuting is an exciting/strenuous/dangerous sport. 跳伞是一项很刺激/强度大/有危险的运动。
I have never really been keen on sport.
我从未对体育运动有过很大的兴趣。
They are famous men in the world of sport. 他们是体育界著名人士。
sport(s)shoes运动鞋
sports car跑车
sport(s)shirt运动衫
be fond of/go in for sport喜好运动
132.spring春季
∴例：春季是一年中最好的季节。
×误：Spring season is the best season of the year.
√正：Spring is the best season of the year.
说明：英语“春、夏、秋、冬”是spring，summer，autumn，winter，其后面不加season一词。
early/late spring早春、晚春
Spring has come.春天来了。
Autumn is a busy season.
秋天是个繁忙的季节。
He will visit Roman this spring.
他今春要访问罗马。
There is a feeling of spring in the air.
空气中充满春天的气息。
Spring begins/comes.大地回春。
注意指特定的春天时加the，而指一般的春天、季节时，多不加冠词且用小写，有时与next，last，this等连用做副词。
I came here in the spring of 1979.
我1979年春天来这儿。
注意：spring名词“弹簧，泉”。
There is little spring in the old bed. 这张旧床几乎没有弹性。
hot spring温泉a mineral spring矿泉
spring动词“跳，跃，涌现”。
New buildings were springing up all over the city.
新楼房如雨后春笋般在城市各处盖起来。
The musician/professional singer sprang into fame overnight.
音乐家/职业歌手一夜成名。
133.strike罢工
∴例：这个国家工人已经罢工了。
×误：The workers of this country have gone/out in strike.
√正：The workers of this country have gone/out on strike. 说明：“罢工”是固定短语on strike.
∷如：Laborers in Greece are on strike.
希腊劳工们在罢工中。
Last month the bus drivers were on strike.
上个月公交司机罢工了。
与strike“罢工”有关常见短语：
call off/cancel a strike取消罢工
carry on a strike进行罢工
join in a strike参加罢工
organize a general strike组织大罢工put down/suppress a strike镇压罢工
call a strike发动罢工
strike动词“打，击，突袭”。
The new boat struck a rock and began to sink. 新船撞上礁石，开始下沉。
The building had been struck by lighting.
建筑物被闪电击中。
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。(谚语)
134.success成功，成就
∴例：汤姆努力工作并取得很大成就。
×误：Tom works hard and has had great succeed.
√正：Tom works hard and has had great success.
说明：succeed是动词，success是名词，success作“成功、成就”解释时是不可数名词，但作为“成功的人、物”解释时则为可数名词，反
义词failure“失败”。
∷如：We succeed in the negotiation.
我们谈判成功了。
A good education will help you succeed in life.
良好的教育有助于将来取得成功。
He met with success in his business.
他在事业上获得成功。
Zhang Hong is a great success as a teacher. 作为一位教师，张红是位成功者。
Hard work is the key to success.
勤奋是取得成功的钥匙。
The show was a great success.
这次表演非常成功。
His efforts ended in failure/success. 他的努力以失败/成功告终。
Success came after many failures.
失败多次后终于成功。
Anthony is a failure/success as an English teacher. 安东尼是个不合格/合格的英语教师。
make a success of把……做成功，顺利完成……
success story发迹的故事，成功的故事
a failure in duty玩忽职守
crop failures农作物歉收
heart failure心脏病
(a)power failure停电
135.sun太阳
∴例：太阳从东方升起，西方落下。
×误：Sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
√正：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
说明：表示世界上独一无二的事物，the sun，the world，the moon一定加“the”切记。
∷如：The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳运行。
We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。
The moon is shinning brightly tonight.今晚月儿明。
The moon waxes and wanes.月有圆缺。
His dream is to travel around the world.
他的梦想是环游世界。
sun bath日光浴sun visor遮阳板
sunblind遮阳棚sunfish太阳鱼，翻车鱼sunglasses太阳镜，墨镜sunlight太阳光
sunrise日出，黎明sunset日落sunspot太阳黑子
sunstroke(医）日射病，中暑sunshine日光，晴天
Dogs and cats like lying down in the sunshine.
猫和狗喜欢躺在有阳光的地方。
After rain comes sunshine.雨过天晴，苦尽甘来。(谚)
136.sudden突然
∴例：她突然笑了出来。
×误：All of sudden she began to laugh.
√正：All of a sudden she began to laugh.
说明：all of a sudden固定短语，其中不定冠词不可少。
∷如：All of a sudden，the bus made a turn to the right.
突然公交车向右转。
All of a sudden，they burst into tears.
突然他们大哭起来。
All of a sudden the lights there went out.
那里的灯突然熄灭了。
The childr en in the classroom all of a sudden burst into laughter.
教室里的孩子们突然笑起来了。
This marriage is very sudden，they have only known each other a month.
这桩婚事来得非常突然，他们才认识了一个月。
I caught a cold，because of a sudden change in temperature.
由于气温突变，我感冒了。
There is a sudden turn in the road.这条路有一急转弯。
137.sweets糖果
∴例：你弟弟喜欢吃糖果。
×误：Your younger brother likes sweet.
√正：Your younger brother likes sweets.
说明：sweet是形容词，“甜的，舒服的”；名词“糖果”。
∷如：This cake is too sweet.这蛋糕太甜了。
Children and ladies usually like sweet things.
小孩子和女士们通常喜欢甜食。
The garden was full of the sweet smells of summer. 夏天的花园里幽香四溢。(气味：芳香)
I have got a lot of sweet memories of this town. 对这小镇我有很多美好的回忆。
Her gestures are so sweet.
她的举止真逗人喜爱。
sweet melody美妙的旋律
a sweet sleep酣睡
sweet potato甘薯
sweet food甜食
sweet-and-sour(指食品或菜肴等）酸甜的
而sweets是糖果，指软糖，棉花糖，水果糖等，相当于美国的candy一词，
∷如：Eating sweets is bad for children's teeth.
吃糖对孩子的牙有坏处。
Children love sweets very much.
孩子们非常喜欢吃糖。
The girl eats too much candy.
那女孩糖果吃得太多了。
candy(英）冰糖rock candy(美）冰糖
candyfloss(英）棉花糖cotton candy(美）棉花糖
138.stranger陌生人
∴例：昨晚他们来了些客人。
×误：They had some strangers last night.
√正：They had some guests last night.
说明：stranger指陌生人，guest通常指来访的朋友，主人host访问客人称为caller，visitor，注意a foreigner指生在外国并说外语的
人。
∷如：He is a perfect stranger to me.
我与他素不相识。
Don't trust strangers for ever.
永远不要相信陌生人。
I invited six guests to the party.
我邀请六位客人参加聚会。
You are my guest today.今天我做东(请客)。There are many foreigners in China.
中国有很多的外国人。
I am a stranger here myself.
我自己对这儿也很陌生。
He acted as host to his father's friends.
他作为主人招待他父亲的朋友。
China is the host country for the Olympic Games in 2008.
中国是2008年奥林匹克运动会的东道国。
make a stranger of(动）冷淡地对某人
∷如：Do not make a stranger of the foreigners.It is no polite.对待这些外国人冷淡，那是不礼貌的。
139.table桌子
∴例：我们教室有多少张桌子？
×误：How many tables are there in our classroom?
√正：How many desks are there in our classroom?
说明：table桌子、台、餐桌，而办公、读书用的桌为desk.
∷如：Please put the plates on the table.
请把盘子摆在桌子上。
We asked for a table for two in a corner at the restaurant.
我们在餐厅要了张在角落的双人桌。
He kept much money in a drawer in his desk.
他在桌子抽屉内放了大量的钱。
at table是“用餐”常用词组，通常table前不加冠词。
It is considered bad manners to make eating noises when at table in Western countries.
进餐时发出吃东西的声音在西方国家认为是失礼的。
They gave the man money under the table last week.
他们上周私下送这男士钱行贿。(under the table私下地)
be at(one's)desk正在用功之意∷如：We were at table when he arrived.
他到达时我们正在用餐。
英语中与table连用的短语：
lay/set/spread the table摆饭桌(定冠词也可省略) sit down at table入席，就座
clear the table收拾饭桌
table cloth餐巾，桌布
table spoon大汤匙
rise from table(餐后）离席table wine餐酒
table talk餐时交谈
140.talk谈话
∴例：我哥哥说空话。
×误：My elder brother is all talks.
√正：My elder brother is all talk.
说明：英语中“说空话”be all talk是常用词组，指人只会说而不会做。其中talk不用复数形式。
It will end in talk.这不过是空话罢了。
Do not believe it!It is only talk.
别信它，只是空谈而已。
My son and I had a long talk about the problem.
我儿子和我就那个问题有个长谈。
The Foreign Ministers of the two countries will meet for talks next month.
两国外交部部长将在下月会谈。
与talk常见词语搭配如下：
back talk顶嘴big/tall talk说大话
blunt talk直言double(fast)talk欺人之话
small talk闲谈talk show访谈节目，(电视）脱口秀
idle talk闲谈，闲扯sweet talk恭维话，甜言蜜语
baby talk儿语teacher talk教师的语气
tall talk，big talk大话，吹牛
141.tear眼泪
∴例：我们看电影时发现那个女士在哭。
×误：When we saw the film，we found the lady in tear.
√正：When we saw the film，we found the lady in tears.
说明：tear是可数名词，做“眼泪”解释时常用复数形式。
∷如：Her friend shed tears when she was left alone in the room.她朋友独自一人在房间时，流下了眼泪。
The sad play moved/reduced us to tears.
那出悲剧使我感动落泪。
The children ran out of the room in tears.
孩子们哭着跑出房间。
dry/wipe away one's tears擦干眼泪
burst into tears突然大哭起来
choke down/keep back one's tears忍住眼泪
be in tears在哭泣
crocodile tears假装悲伤(鳄鱼泪）。传说中鳄鱼一边流泪一边吃猎物。
teardrop滴泪
tear gas催泪瓦斯
142.television电视（省略为TV）
∴例：这男孩常看电视吗？
×误：Does the boy often see TV?
√正：Does the boy often watch TV?
说明：看电视，通常不用see而用watch，watch television看电视。
I watched the game on TV.
我在电视上看了那场比赛。
They enjoyed/watched a basketball game on TV last night. 昨夜他们在电视上看见了一场篮球赛。
The children watch far too much TV.
孩子们电视看得太多了。
a color television彩电
a black-and-white television黑白电视
on television broadcast/broadcasting by television在电视上播放
cable television有线电视
lose-circuit TV闭路电视
prime-time TV黄金时段电视
public TV公共电视∷如：What is on television tonight?
今晚有什么电视节目？
The president spoke to the nation on TV.
总统向全国发表电视讲话。
143.temperature温度
∴例：护士量了我的体温。
×误：The nurse had my temperature.
√正：The nurse took my temperature.
说明：量体温为take one's temperature
I often take my temperature at home.
我常在家里量体温。
have/run a temperature是“发烧”同fever
∷如：If you have got/are running a temperature.You should stay in bed.
你要是发烧，该卧床休息。
Their baby had a temperature last night.
他们的孩子昨晚发烧了。
另外，temperature还有“温度，气温”之意。
∷如：The food must be kept at a low temperature.
这食物必须低温保存。
Be careful of a sudden change in temperature.
要注意气温突变。
Heat the oven to a temperature of 200℃.
把烤炉温度调到200摄氏度。
Temperatures in some parts of Britain will fall below freezing tomorrow.
明天英国部分地区的气温将降至零度以下。
144.time时间，次
∴例：他没有时间做这事。
×误：He has no times to do it.
√正：He has no time to do it.
说明：time作“时间”(与空间相对的）不可数，不加冠词。
time and space时空
Time is fleeting and art is long.
时光飞逝，艺术永恒。
Time flies/likes an arrow.光阴似箭。
Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。Time will tell.时间会证明一切。
The friend felt less sad as time passed.
随着时间流逝，这位朋友的悲痛日渐平复。
time作“次”“倍”解释时，是可数名词，many times多次
∷如：She has been to Mt.Fuji three times.
她已经去过富士山三次了。
I'll go there with you this time.
这次我陪你去。
Your piece of cake is four times the size of mine.
你的蛋糕是我的四倍大。
但表示“一次”是once，“两次”是twice，“三次”是three
times，其余皆用以...times即可。
∷如：She writes to her father once a month.
她每月给爸爸写一封信。
He has twice as many suits as I.
他有两倍于我之数的西装。
145.tonight今晚
∴例：今天晚上我很忙。
×误：I am busy today night.
√正：I am busy tonight/this evening.
说明：英语表示“今晚”是tonight或this evening.
Tonight will be rainy in your city.
你所在的城市今晚会下雨。
We will have a party this evening with them. 今晚我们和他们有聚会。
My mother will be busy tonight.
我妈妈今晚会很忙。
What are you doing with your father this evening?
你和爸爸今晚要做什么？
Tonight is the last night of their holiday in Hong Kong.
今晚是他们在香港假期的最后一晚。
We are staying with friends tonight and travelling home tomorrow.
我们今夜住在朋友家里，明天启程回家。
146.traitor叛徒，卖国贼
∴例：他成了祖国的叛徒。
×误：He turned a traitor to his country.√正：He turned traitor to his country. 说明：“成为叛徒”是turn traitor，become a traitor.
∷如：Nothing could make me turn traitor to my country.
什么也不能使我背叛祖国。
He was hanged as traitor.
他作为卖国贼被绞死了。
She became a traitor to the cause of women's rights.
她成为女权事业的叛徒。
而turn traitor and surrender to the enemy，turn traitor and go over to the enemy叛变投敌
注意：betrayer“出卖者，背叛者”同traitor
betrayal名词“背叛，出卖，泄露，暴露”
a betrayal of my principles对我的原则背弃行为
betray是动词，“对……不忠，背叛”。
∷如：to betray his friends背叛他的朋友
to betray our principles背叛我们的原则
The resistance group was betrayed to the government by its own members.
抵抗组织被其内部成员出卖给了政府。
When parents get divorced the children often feel betrayed.
父母离异，孩子总觉得遭受背弃。
He refused to betray the information.
他拒绝泄露消息。
147.trouble麻烦，苦恼
∴例：老师告诉学生别惹是生非。
×误：The teacher told her students not to get into the trouble.
√正：The teacher told her students not to get into trouble.
说明：get into trouble“惹麻烦，陷入困境”是常用词组，trouble前无冠词，
∷如：She often gets into trouble with her classmates.
她经常和她同学闹纠纷。
The company did well at first，but then got into trouble.
这家公司最初经营不错，但后来陷入困境了。
be in trouble困难中
∷如：She is in great trouble，so she needs your advice.
她遇到很大困难，需要你的忠告。
The boy was in trouble so he swam out to save him.
男孩处于险境中，所以他游过去救他。
常与trouble有关的短语如下：
make trouble惹事
put a person into trouble给某人添麻烦ask/look for trouble自找麻烦
borrow/invite trouble自讨苦吃
bury one's troubles忘掉烦恼
stir up trouble带来麻烦
drown one's troubles in drink借酒消愁
meet trouble halfway杞人忧天
heart trouble心脏病
labor trouble劳工纠纷
148.university大学
∴例：他们在辽宁大学学习四年。
×误：They have studied in the Liaoning University for four years.
√正：They have studied in Liaoning University for four years.
说明：由专有名词组成的大学名前都不加冠词。
university大学，综合大学(拥有多种学院的综合大学；单独的学院使用college)
Oxford University is very famous in the world.
牛津大学闻名于世。
Beijing University is known to everyone.
北京大学众人皆知。
go to the/a university上大学
a university student大学生
be admitted to a university考上大学
enter a university进入大学
149.victory胜利
∴例：他们庆祝了胜利。
×误：They celebrated their the victory.
√正：They celebrated their victory.
说明：“胜利”victory前有their修饰，定冠词the要去掉。He led his team to victory last week.
他带领全队上周取得了胜利。
I only managed a narrow victory in the election，I won by 12 votes.
我在选举中勉强获胜，只比对手多十二票。
All of us will hold a victory rally tomorrow.
大家明天要举行祝捷大会。
The Liberal Democrats won a decisive victory in the by-election. 自由民主党在补选中赢了决定性的一仗。
Becker led his team to victory in the Davis Cup.
贝克尔率领他的球队夺取了戴维斯杯。
与victory有关短语：
have/gain/get/win a victory获得胜利
win an easy victory取得轻而易举的胜利get a decisive victory取得决定性的胜利
gain a clear-cut victory取得明显的胜利
by 8 victories and 3 defeats八胜三负
win a victory over adversity克服逆境
snatch victory form defeat转败为胜
150.visit参观，访问
∴例：下周他要到中国访问。
×误：He will do a visit to China next week.
√正：He will pay/make a visit to China next week.
说明：“参观、访问”make/pay a visit to或make/pay...a visit
∷如：This is my first visit to Chaoyang.
这是我首次来朝阳参观。
I paid/made a visit to his teacher.
我去拜访他的老师。
Let's pay a visit to his old friend.
让我们去看望他的老友。
The Prime Minister is on an official visit to China. 首相正在中国进行正式访问。
We had a visit from Richard on Monday.
周一理查德来探访我们。
The Master is on an official visit to Germany. 这位大师正在德国进行正式访问。
Let us go on a visit to the seaside.
让我们去海滨游览吧！
a visiting team客队
a home team主队
visiting professor客座教授
visiting nurse巡回护士
151.wage工资
∴例：我父亲的工资难以维持他的生活。
×误：My father's wage could hardly keep his life.
√正：My father's wages could hardly keep his life.
说明：wage“工资”常用复数形式(特指以时间计酬或日薪、周薪等短期结算的劳动报酬)
∷如：His wages are 500 dollars a week.
他的工资是每周500美元。
My wages are high but his are low.
我的工资高而他的工资低。
low wages低工资，不能说cheap wages salary“工资”指公司职员或公务员的薪水。
He has on a very good salary now.
他现在有份很不错的薪水。
My salary is paid directly into my bank account. 我的薪金是直接打到我银行户头的。
She is on a salary of 5，000 yuan.
她的月薪为五千元。
His father earns a high salary.
他爸爸薪水高。
starting salary起薪
an annual salary年薪
basic salary基本工资
a high/low salary高/低薪水
a meager salary微薄的薪水
get a rise in salary加薪
an increase in salary of 1000yuan加薪一千
152.walk散步
∴例：他祖父每天散步。
×误：His grandfather goes to a walk every day.
√正：His grandfather goes for a walk every day. 说明：“出去散步”go for a walk或take a walk
∷如：We used to go for a walk after supper.
我们过去常在晚饭后散步。
Let's go for a walk in the park.
让我们到公园散步去吧！
I am just going to take the dog for a walk.
我正打算带狗去散步。
walking：走路，步行。
∷如：Walking is good exercise for every one.
步行对每个人都是很好的锻炼方式。
walking stick手杖(同简称stick)
walking papers(美口语）解雇通知，(英口语)marching orders walking boots轻便靴
a walking holiday徒步旅行的假日
Tim was given his walking papers again.What a pity!
太遗憾了！迪姆又遭解雇。
153.way路，道路
∴例：妈妈告诉儿子别在路上玩。
×误：The mother told her son not to play in the way.
√正：The mother told her son not to play on the way.
说明：in the way是“妨碍人，挡道”
∷如：We can't see the sea well because there are some buildings in the way.
我们不大看到海景，因为有些楼房挡住了视线。
Don't get in the way/my way.别妨碍我。
on the/one's way“在路上，途中”
∷如：I met Mary on my way home.
我在回家途中遇到玛丽。
He was on the way to the airport when his car broke down.
他在去机场的途中，车发生故障。
与way连用的常用短语如下：
go separate ways分道扬镳
take the shortest way走最近的路go the wrong way走错路
the middle way中庸之道
point/show the way指引道路
fight one's way奋勇前进
pick one's way谨慎前进
all the way/the whole way全程
way“方法，方式，风俗，状况”：
∷如：She showed them the way to do it.
她给他们示范做此事的方法。
I have got used to the American ways of doing things.
我已经习惯了美国式的做法。
The foreigner does not understand our ways.
那个外国人不懂我们的习俗。
His friend seemed to be in a bad way.
他朋友的健康状况似乎不太好。
154.weight重量
∴例：这婴儿有多重？
×误：What's the baby's weigh?
√正：What's the baby's weight?
说明：weigh“称……重量”是动词，weight是名词“重量，体重”。gross weight毛重；net weight净重。
∷如：She weighed herself on the bathroom scales.
她用浴室内体重秤称体重。
It weighs 6 pounds.它有六磅重。
He weighs less than he used to.
他的体重比以前轻了。
What's the weight of this gold coin?这块金币的重量是多少？
You have put on/lost weight.
你体重增加/减少了。
Bananas are not usually sold by weight in that country. 在那个国家香蕉通常不按重量出售。
I need to lose weight before my holidays(=become thinner and less heavy).
放假前我必须减轻体重。
Telling her the truth took a weight off his mind.
告诉她真相后，他感到如释重负。
weightlifting举重weightlifter举重运动员
155.word词
∴例：我有话和你说。
×误：I have words with you.
√正：I have a word with you.
说明：“和某人有句话说”have/has a word with sb，其中word通常用a word.
∷如：Can I have a word with you?
我能跟你说句话吗？
He didn't say a word about it.
对这件事他一句话没说。
I must have a word with the student.
我必须同这位学生谈谈。
Word/The word got around that the sales manager had resigned. 谣传销售经理已经辞职。(word用单数，“传闻，消息”)
Please explain the thing in your own words.
请用你自己的话解释一下这件事。(word“话，言辞”是可数名词)
注意：have words with(口语）“与某人争论”。
∷如：He always has words with his father.
他常同父亲争论。
in a/one word简言之，总之，一句话
in other words换句话说，也就是说
in so many words直截了当的，明确的
word for word逐字地，一字不变的
In a/one word，I hope the new project will work out well.
总之，我希望新计划顺利完成。
156.work作品，著作
∴例：这是布莱克先生的新作。
×误：This is new work of Mr Black. √正：This is a new work of Mr Black.
说明：work“作品，工艺品”解释时，有单复数形式。
∷如：We are reading the works of Shakespeare.
我们在读莎士比亚全集。
This vase is a wonderful piece of work.
这花瓶是件了不起的佳作。
His collection contained all sorts of valuable works of arts. 他的收藏品中有各种贵重艺术品。
而works用复数形式常视为单数“工厂”
a gas works煤气厂a brickworks砖厂
The steel works was closed.那家钢厂关闭了。
157.yesterday evening，last night昨天晚上
∴例：昨天晚上我看的相声和小品。
×误：Yesterday night I saw the cross-talk and the witty skits.
√正：Yesterday evening/last night I saw the cross-talk and the witty skits.
说明：“昨晚”英语习惯用法：yesterday evening或last night，类似yesterday morning昨天早晨；yesterday afternoon昨天下午，注意不加on或in等
∷如：It wasn't raining yesterday evening.
昨晚没下雨。
Last night I went to bed very late.
昨晚我睡觉很晚。
They got to work on the business of renovation last night.
他们昨晚开始做修复工作。
The singer worked up the feelings of the audience yesterday evening.
那歌手昨晚激起了观众的情绪。
The lady made/had the best of both worlds during the party last night.
在昨夜聚会时，这女士左右逢源。
158.young雏，幼崽（动物）
∴例：大多数动物会为保护幼崽而战。
×误：Most animals fight to protect their youngs.
√正：Most animals fight to protect their young.
说明：young做名词，“雏，幼崽”视为复数，集合用法指动物，鸟类的幼崽。
the young of the elephant幼象
The lion fought to protect her young.
那头狮子为保护幼狮而战。
Swans will attack to protect their young.
天鹅为保护幼鹅会攻击外来者。
My father was the youngest of ten children then. 那时，十个孩子之中我爸爸年纪最小。
She may be 75，but she is young at heart.
她尽管有七十五岁了，但她人老心不老。
类似还有young and old(名词）老老少少
the young(名词）“年轻人”
∷如：The young are mostly ambitious.
年轻人多半有雄心。
The young of today are the adults of tomorrow.
今天的年轻人是明天的成年人。
