亲爱的同学们，在生活中结果状语从句的使用随处可见，在大学英语四、六级考试中，结果状语从句的命题频率也比较高。在这一单元，我们将系统地学习结果状语从句的基本用法及哪些词、短语和句子相当于结果状语从句。Are you ready？
OK， let"s go！
20.1结果状语从句的基本用法
结果状语从句的从句部分是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的，通常位于主句之后。引导结果状语从句的常用连接词有so … that …， such … that …， (so) that， as much as， to such degree， to such an extent， so much so that， in order that， and therefore， hence， 等等。
1.so … that 和 such … that
“so ...that ...”和“such ...that ...”译成“如此……，以致……”、“结果……”。二者均可引导结果状语从句，也可直接翻译，其中such 是形容词，修饰名词；so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词，so 还可与表示数量的形容词many， few， much， little 连用，形成固定搭配。
示例
so many students such a lot of students She is so beautiful a girl that so many boys want to run after her.
She is such a beautiful girl that so many boys want to run after her.
她是如此漂亮的一个女孩，以至于许多男孩都想追求她。
The shop sells so expensive goods that I want to buy nothing in it.
这家商店出售的货物价格昂贵，以致我在里面不想购买任何东西。
The difference is such that all will perceive it.
差别这么大，所有的人都看得出来。（可以省略连接词而不翻译）
2.so that
so that 引导的状语从句既可以表结果，又可以表目的，要注意二者的区别。
（1）so that 可以用来引导目的状语从句，译成“为了……”、”以便……”，相当于inorder that，目的状语从句里常用情态动词may， can， might 或could 表示目的。在现代英语中，so that 引导目的状语从句时，so that 中的so 还可以省略。例如：
We climbed higher so that we might get a better view.
We climbed higher in order that we might get a better view.
We climbed higher that we might get a better view.
我们爬得更高以便能够看得更清楚。
（2）so that 也可以用来引导结果状语从句，译成“结果……”、“所以……”，so that 引导的结果状语从句一般要用逗号和主句隔开，从句里没有表目的的情态动词may， can， might或could。但无论so that 引导目的状语从句，还是引导结果状语从句，通常都位于句中，而不置于句首。例如：
She spoke at the top of her voice so that the students at the back could hear her.
她说话声音很高，为的是后面的同学能听见。（目的状语从句）
She spoke at the top of her voice， so that the students at the back heard her.
她说话声音很高，结果后面的同学都听见了。（结果状语从句）
3.never (not) so … but that (what) …
有时候，如果在主句中含有never， never so， not so， not such 等否定词，而且but that 和butwhat 也可以连接结果状语从句，构成双重否定。翻译的时候，可以翻译为“没有……不”。
例如：
You never come but you borrow.
你不借东西不来。
There is no so friendless but what he can find a friend.
没有连一个朋友都交不到的人。
She is not so old but that she can read.
她并没有老到不能读书。
4.其他表达法
例如：
He was tired to such a degree that he fainted.
他疲乏得昏了过去。
He himself believed in freedom， so much so that he would rather die than live without it.
他本人信仰自由，以至于他宁愿死去也不愿毫无自由地活着。
He worked very fast and efficiently， insomuch that he was through in an hour.
他工作得很快，效率很高，以致一小时内就干完了。
The complexity increases to such an extent that taxation becomes a specialized legal field with many intrigues and pitfalls.
税法如此复杂使得税法成为一个特别的法律领域，其中涉及很多复杂的问题和陷阱。
Over the years， a large number of overseas students have studied at that university with the result that it has acquired substantial experience in dealing with them.
多年来，许多海外学子在这所大学里学习，结果这所学校在处理这些事情方面已获得非常丰富的经验。
Task 1
选择题。
1.She was tired she could not move an inch.
A.so；that
B.such；that
C.very；that
D.so；as
2.Tom is so clever a boy that we all like him.Tom is that we all like him.
A.such clever boy
B.such a clever boy
C.a such clever boy
D.a clever such boy
3.Lily has sheep that she always pays much attention to it.
A.so little
B.such a little
C.so little a
D.such little
4.He made a wrong decision half of his lifetime was wasted.
A.so that
B.such that
C.in that
D.for that
5.No man is so old that he may learn.
A.such
B.insomuch
C.but
D.so
Laughter
Man： Why did you make women so beautiful？
男子： 你为什么让女人生得那么美？
God： So that you will love them.
上帝： 这样你才会爱上她们呀！
Man： But why did you make them so dumb？
男子： 可你为什么又让女人那么笨呀？
God： So that they will love you.
上帝： 这样她们才会爱上你呀！
20.2结果状语从句的相当物
1.相当于结果状语从句的不定式短语
不定式作结果状语时，往往仅限于learn（得知），find（发现），see（看见），hear（听见），to be told（被告知），make（使得）等几个具有终止含义的动词。例如：
I woke up to find everybody gone.
我醒了过来，结果发现大家都走了。
A few years later they came to our home to find that their home town had greatly changed.
几年后他们回到家里，发现家乡的面貌大大地改变了。
不定式的特殊句型如下。
1）too … to …
（1）too … to 太……以至于……
例如：
He is too excited to speak.
他太激动了，以至于说不出话来。
Uncle Tom was too ill to attend the meeting.
汤姆叔叔病得很重，无法出席会议。
The boy is too short to reach the top of the shelf.
那男孩太矮了，够不着书架的顶层。
（2）某些形容词在“too … to …”结构中没有否定的含义，而是表示肯定，这类形容词有anxious， apt， delighted， eager， easy， glad， kind， pleased， ready， surprised， willing 等。例如：
He is too ready to find fault.
他老是爱挑毛病。
She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.
看到爸爸那么生气，她非常吃惊。
（3）如在too 前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后的那个词表达一种委婉的含义，意为“不太”。例如：
It"s never too late to mend.
（谚语）改过不嫌晚。
It"s never too late to learn.
（谚语）活到老，学到老。
（4）当too 前面有only， all， but 时，意为“非常……”，相当于very。例如：
I"m only too pleased to be able to help you.
我非常高兴能帮助你。
He was but too eager to get home.
他非常想回家。
2）enough … to …
例如：
John is old enough to join the army.
约翰够参军年龄了。
Wang Dan was lucky enough to receive many books from Project Hope.
王丹足够幸运，得到了希望工程的很多赠书。
3）only to …（常表示未预料到的结果）
例如：
She returned only to find that no one was at home.
她回到家，才发现家里没有一个人。
He survived the crash only to die in the desert.
他幸存于坠机事故，结果却死在沙漠里。
4）so … as to
例如：
Would you be so kind as to do me a favour？
请你帮我一下好吗？
The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower.
这房子又高又窄，像一座塔。
5）such … as to
例如：
His indifference is such as to make one despair.
他如此冷淡，令人感到绝望。
Baker can"t have done such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting for so long.
贝克不可能做出这么糟糕的事，让你等了这么久。
2.相当于结果状语从句的分词短语
现在分词短语可以用作结果状语，通常相当于一个结果状语从句。例如：
I thought he was making fun of me， and ran faster than ever， reaching the school yard quite out of breath.
I thought he was making fun of me， and ran faster than ever， so that I reached the school yard quite out of breath.
我想他在拿我开玩笑，就越发跑得快了，到达校园时已经上气不接下气。
Her husband died ten years ago， leaving her with three children to look after.
Her husband died ten years ago， so that he left her with three children to look after.
她丈夫十年前去世了，撇下她和三个孩子。
3.相当于结果状语从句的被动结构
在英语中，“主语+被动谓语+by 短语”结构的句子有时可以表示：由于by 后面的这个（无生命的）事物而造成了前面所说的结果。例如：
The overseas visitor must not be disappointed by this apparent lack of interest and involvement.
海外旅游者千万不要由于这种表面上看来缺乏兴致和含蓄的态度而感到扫兴。
And 19th century literature was transformed by Anne"s Agnes Grey， Emily"s Wuthering Heights， and Charlotte"s Jane Eyre.
于是，19世纪文学就因安妮的《安格尼斯·格雷》、艾米莉的《呼啸山庄》和夏洛特的《简·爱》而改观了。
4.相当于结果状语从句的由and 连接的词、短语或句子
Most of the military knew that future resistance was impossible and quietly complied.
大多数士兵知道，进一步抵抗是于事无补了，所以就默默地顺从了。
We are none of us exactly like everyone else， only rather like， and it would be unreasonable to suppose that the books that have meant a great deal to me should be precisely those that will mean a great deal to you.
我们没有一个和另外一个人完全相像，只是有些相像而已。因此，认为那些对我很有意义的书应该也正是对你很有意义的书，这是不合情理的。
5.相当于结果状语从句的主谓宾结构
在英语中，“主语+谓语+宾语”结构的句子可表示：某个（无生命的）事物导致了后面的情况。例如：
Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water.
在那里，由于地心的剧烈活动，使山脉和火山升出水面。
The establishment of a solid manufacturing and mining industry has kept Victoria"s unemployment rate the lowest in the country.
由于建立了经济实力雄厚的制造业和采矿业，维多利亚州失业率一直是全国最低的。
Task 2
用结果状语从句的相当物来补全下列句子。
1.You are old enough to .
你年纪不小了，现在足可以照料你自己了。
2.I went to see my friend .
我去看望我的朋友，不料得知他住院了。
3.He came to school late， .
他上学迟到了，结果老师生气了。
4.He heard an explosion and .
他听到爆炸声，因此报了警。
5.Ignorance and superstition .
由于无知和迷信，他们不能从现代科学中受益。
I.选择题。
1.I hurried I wouldn"t be late for class.
A.so
B.so that
C.if
D.unless
2.Lift it up I may see it.
A.though
B.so that
C.as
D.than
3.The dictionary is so expensive I can"t buy it.
A.because
B.when
C.that
D.if
4.I got there late I didn"t see him.
A.too；to
B.such；that
C.so；that
D.so；as
5.It is hot in the room we have to go out for a walk.
A.such；that
B.so；that
C.as；as
D.such；as
6.He has an interesting book that we want to read it.
A.so
B.such
C.the same
D.as
7.Father was busy in working he often forgot rest or meals.
A.very；that
B.so；that
C.such；as
D.enough；as
8.I took an early bus， there in time.
A.getting
B.get
C.got
D.to get
9.He is glad get to sleep.
A.so；that
B.enough；to
C.such；that
D.too；to
10.I"m tall to reach the top of the tree.
A.enough
B.too
C.only
D.as
II.将下列句子改写为不定式的特殊结构。
1.The room is so large that it can hold one hundred people.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2.The room is so small that it can not hold one hundred people.
_____________________________________________________________________________
3.Mary drove all the way to Maine and found that her friends had moved to Florida.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4.The test is so difficult that a child can not understand it.
_____________________________________________________________________________
5.The test is so easy that a child can understand it.
_____________________________________________________________________________
6.I rushed to the door and discovered that it was locked and barred.
_____________________________________________________________________________
7.Would you be so kind that you lend me your bicycle？
_____________________________________________________________________________
8.He is such a fool that he thinks that his strange behaviour can inflect others.
_____________________________________________________________________________
III.补全下列句子。
1.The Canadian instructor spoke so fast （翻译跟不上他）.
2.It was （如此美好的一天）that all of the students went out.
It was （如此美好的一天）that all of the students went out.
3.He took my shoes （以便我不能离开那所房子）.
4.He went to the station hurriedly （却发现火车已经离开了）.
5.Sam returned home （才知道他的儿子已去了乡下）.
Fun Time（此处有视频学习资料）
Jingle Bells
铃儿响叮当
Dashing through the snow 冲破大风雪
In a one-horse open sleigh 我们坐在雪橇上
Over the fields we go 奔驰过田野
Laughing all the way 欢笑又歌唱
Bells on bobtail ring 铃声响叮当
Making spirits bright 令人精神多欢畅
What fun it is to ride and sing 今晚滑雪真快乐
A sleighing song tonight 把滑雪歌儿唱
Jingle bells， jingle bells 叮叮当，叮叮当
Jingle all the way 铃儿响叮当
Oh， what fun it is to ride 我们滑雪多快乐
In a one-horse open sleigh 我们坐在雪橇上
Jingle bells， jingle bells 叮叮当，叮叮当
Jingle all the way 铃儿响叮当
Oh， what fun it is to ride 我们滑雪多快乐
In a one-horse open sleigh 我们坐在雪橇上
Jingle bells， jingle bells 叮叮当，叮叮当
Jingle all the way 铃儿响叮当
Oh， what fun it is to ride 我们滑雪多快乐
In a one-horse open sleigh 我们坐在雪橇上
Jingle bells， jingle bells 叮叮当，叮叮当
Jingle all the way 铃儿响叮当
Oh， what fun it is to ride 我们滑雪多快乐
In a one-horse open sleigh 我们坐在雪橇上
