穿衣服讲究搭配，语言也是如此。谓语要和自己的主语在人称与数上保持一致。即主谓一致。
24.1主谓一致的基本概念
主谓一致关系是英语中最主要的一致关系，是指主语与谓语动词之间的一致。主谓一致遵循以下3个原则。
（1）语法一致：即主语和谓语在语法形式上的一致。例如：
The questions raised by Tom are very important.
汤姆提出的问题很重要。
Love has always been the most important business in my life.
爱始终是我生命中最重要的事。
（2）意义一致：即从意义或意念上处理主谓关系。例如：
Ten years is not a long time.
十年并不是很长的时间。
The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing.
有关这个学科的书出版的数量简直惊人。
（3）邻近一致：即谓语动词的人称和数与其临近的主语保持一致。例如：
Neither my husband nor I am able to persuade my son to change his mind.
我和我丈夫都没法说服我的儿子改变主意。
There is one eraser and two pencils in it.
里面有一块橡皮和两支铅笔。
24.2语法一致的原则
（1）以单数名词或代词、不可数名词、动词不定式、动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数。例如：
The content of these book is very good.
这些书的内容很好。
To work hard is necessary for a student.
学生有必要努力学习。
Growing vegetables needs constant watering.
种菜要经常浇水。
不可数名词前如果有表数量的复数名词，后面常跟复数动词作谓语。例如：
There are about 13pints of blood in a man"s body.
人体内约有13品脱的血。
（2）由and 或both ...and ...连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
To mean to do something and to actually do something are two separate things.
想干一件事和真干一件事是两回事。
Mr.Black and Mrs.Black have a son called Tom.
布莱克夫妇有一个儿子，叫汤姆。
但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词要用单数。例如：
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
只工作不玩耍，聪明杰克也变傻。
The poet and writer has come.
那位诗人兼作家来了。
（3）由and 连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each， every 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
在我们国家，每个男孩和女孩都有权利接受教育。
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
每个人都要来帮忙。
（4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有but， except， besides， with， together with， as well as， no less than 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
老师和学生们将要一起去参观博物馆。
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
只有两个男孩上课迟到了。
No one except my parents knows anything about it.
除了我父母谁也不知道这件事。
（5）一些只有复数形式的名词，如people， police， cattle， clothes 等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：
Cattle are gazing on the pasture.
牛在草场上吃草。
The police are looking for the lost boy.
警察正在寻找丢失的小男孩。
（6）由each， some， any， no， every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。例如：
Is everybody ready？
大家准备好了吗？
Somebody is using the phone.
有人正在用电话。
what， who， which， any， more， most， all 等代词引导的结构作主语时，谓语动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要由意思决定。例如：
Are any of the students interested in going？
学生中有人有兴趣去吗？
Has any of you got a pen？
你们中间谁有笔？
（7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses， shoes， trousers， chopsticks， scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Where are my shoes？ I can"t find them.
我的鞋呢？我找不到了。
Your trousers are dirty.You"d better change them.
你的裤子脏了，你最好换下来。
如果这类名词前用了a pair of 等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair 的单复数形式。例如：
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
这里有几双新鞋。
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
我的新袜子在床上。
Task 1
选择题。
1.Both the secretary and the manager agreed to attend the meeting.
A.has
B.have
C.are
D.was
2.Mrs.Smith， together with her children， arrived.
A.are
B.has
C.is
D.have
3.Mathematics the language of science.
A.are
B.are going to be
C.is
D.is to be
4.Each of the students a Chinese dictionary.
A.have
B.has
C.there is
D.there are
5.They each a beautiful dress.
A.have
B.has
C.there is
D.there are
24.3意义一致的原则
（1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
给了三个星期来做必要的准备。
One hundred li was covered in a single night.
一夜间就走了一百里路。
（2）有些集合名词，如family， team 等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：
My family is a big one.
我家是一个大家庭。
His family are all movie lovers.
他家的人都喜爱看电影。
The audience was enormous.
观众人数很多。
The audience were greatly moved at the words.
听了这些话听众都很感动。
（3）不定代词all， most， more， some， any 作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：
All of the work has been finished.
所有工作都做完了。
All of the people have gone.
所有人都走了。
（4）疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。例如：
Who is the man standing over there？
站在那边的男人是谁？
Who are League members？
社团成员都是谁？
（5）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of 后面的名词而定：名词是复数，谓语动词用复数；名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
It is said that 35per cent of the doctors are women.
据说35%的医生是女性。
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
地球表面的四分之三是海洋。
（6）half， the rest 等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：
I have read a large part of the book， the rest is more difficult.
我已经读了这本书的大部分，剩下的比较难。
Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were sick.
只有十个同学来上课，因为其余的都病了。
（7）由what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
What she said is correct.
她说的是正确的。
What she left me are a few old books.
她留给我的只是一些旧书。
（8）凡是以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
病人已经治愈，失踪者已经找到。
The dead is a famous person.
死者是一位名人。
（9）either， neither 通常作单数对待。例如：
Neither of us has gone through regular training.
我们两人都没受过正规训练。
Has either of them told you？
他们两个人中间有谁告诉过你吗？
none 作复数看待时较多，但有时也作单数看待，主要看说话人脑中联想到的是复数还是单数概念。例如：
None are so deaf as those that will not hear.
只有不倾听别人意见的人耳朵最聋。（谚语）
None (= not a single one) of us has got a camera.
例如：我们中间没有一个人有照相机。
none 在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数。例如：
None of this worries me.
我一点儿也不为这事着急。
Dialogue & Analysis（此处有视频学习资料）
S： How do you evaluate the portraits we have painted？
T： Many a student has passed.（“many a+单数名词”虽然表示复数概念，但谓语动词用单数。）Some students have done pretty well.（all， some， a lot of， most 等修饰可数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。）
S： What about me？
T： There is only one student who failed.（There be ...句型中谓语动词的形式与紧接在后面的名词或代词一致。）That"s you.
S： Me？ But most of my spare time has been spent in painting it.（all， some， a lot of， most等修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。）
T： OK， guys， here is his work.（Here be ...句型中谓语动词的形式与紧接在后面的名词或代词一致。）
S1： So ugly！ None of us has (have) ever seen such an ugly girl.（none of 后接复数名词或代词时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。）
S： But a number of my friends say it is good.（a number of 后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数。）More than one of my friends tells me it is true to life.（“more than one of +复数名词”虽然表示复数概念，但谓语动词用单数。）
T： True to life？ Who is the girl in the portrait after all？
S： She is right outside playing.I"ll go and get her.
T： I have to admit it is true to life.
R
ole Play
Watch the video one more time， try to imitate the dialogue with your partners， and then， show your performance to your classmates.
Task 2
选择题。
1.Most of my spare time spent in reading.
A.are
B.were
C.was
D.have been
2.Ten thousand dollars quite a large sum.
A.are
B.is
C.were
D.have
3.About 40 percent of the work done yesterday.
A.are
B.is
C.were
D.was
4.When and where to build the new bridge yet.
A.is not decided
B.are not decided
C.has not decided
D.have not decided
5.Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest .
A.are difficult
B.has proved difficult
C.is supposed difficult
D.have been found difficult
24.4邻近一致的原则
（1）由连词or， either … or， neither … nor， not only … but also 等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：
Not only you but (also) I am to blame.
不仅你，连我都要受责难。
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
孩子们和老师都对此事一无所知。
（2）在“There be”句型中，谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。例如：
There are two apples and one pear in it.
里面有两个苹果和一个梨。
（3）as well as 和名词连用时，谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。例如：
He， as well as I， is responsible for it.
不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。
（4）以here 开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。例如：
Here is a letter and some books for you.
这里有你的一封信和一些书。
Task 3
选择题。
1.Tom as well as two of his friends invited to the birthday party.
A.was
B.were
C.have been
D.had been
2.Either you or I going to the manager"s office.
A.am
B.is
C.are
D.will
3.Not only Tom but also his wife fond of watching movies.
A.are
B.were
C.be
D.is
4.There not only the earth but also eight other planets in the solar system.
A.are
B.were
C.is
D.was
5.Here a pen， a few envelopes and some paper for you.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
Task 4
仿照例句用自己的话完成下列句子（只能用现在时态）。
Examples： One of my …
One of my teachers knows Chinese.
Some of my …
Some of my friends are coming to visit me.
1.All of the rooms in …
______________________________________________________________________________
2.In my country， there …
______________________________________________________________________________
3.The number of students …
______________________________________________________________________________
4.A number of students …
______________________________________________________________________________
5.Each of …
______________________________________________________________________________
6.One of my …
______________________________________________________________________________
7.Most of the food …
______________________________________________________________________________
8.Most of my classmates …
______________________________________________________________________________
I.选择题。
1.This pair of shoes made in Nanjing.
A.is
B.are
C.have been
D.had been
2.That they were wrong in this matter now clear to us all.
A.is
B.was
C.are
D.were
3.The manager or his assistant going to attend the meeting.
A.were
B.are
C.is
D.has
4.Two months enough for us to finish the task.
A.has
B.are
C.is
D.were
5.Jack is the only one of the brightest students who from Yale University.
A.is graduated
B.have graduated
C.has graduated
D.are graduated
6.Ten percent of the workers in this city now on strike.
A.is
B.are
C.is to be
D.are to be
7.Bacon and scrambled eggs the standard American breakfast.
A.is
B.are
C.is to be
D.are to be
8.Not only you and I but Peter， the top student in our grade not able to solve the problem.
A.are
B.were
C.is
D.am
9.Plenty of fruits， eggs， and vegetables needed for health.
A.are
B.is
C.is being
D.have
10.All the data once and again；still there are a lot of mistakes.
A.has been checked
B.is checked
C.have been checked
D.had been checked
II.改错题。
1.Justice， as well as the law， demand that these bandits be severely punished.
A B C D
2.That intelligence tests actually give a measurement of the intelligence of individuals are
A B C
questioned by some famous experts.
D
3.The man assured me that a good set of tires were supposed to last at least a hundred miles.
A B C D
4.More often it is the President， and not the members of his cabinet， who appeal to the public.
A B C D
5.In the trunk were found a pen， a few suits of clothes and two books.
A B C D
III.翻译下列句子。
1.我们两个人都没有看这部电影。
2.我的碗里没有汤了。
3.不是他就是我要到那里去。
4.工人们和老板都不知道这件丑闻。
5.我们家正在一起度假。
Fun Time
Quick turn of mind.
1.What two words contain thousands of letters？
2.What"s the easiest way to catch a fish？
3.What kind of dog doesn"t bite or bark？
4.What will you break once you say it？
5.What always goes up and never goes down？
