动名词，是不是很奇怪的一个名称？动词？名词？都不是。动名词，动词的变形，兼具动词和名词的特性。下面就让我们一起来学习吧！
31.1动名词概述
以-ing 结尾的具有动词含义的或有动词含义并起动词作用的名词称为动名词。动名词具有名词的大部分特性，同时也具有动词的一些特性。
空谈无济于事。（谚语）
Breathing became difficult on the summits.
在山顶上呼吸变得困难了。
It"s no use sending him over.It"s too late already.
派他去没用，已经太晚了。
（2）动名词作宾语。例如：
Would you mind filling out this form？
请填一下这张表好吗？
Have you finished correcting the students" papers？
学生们的卷子改完没有？
suggest， finish， avoid， stop， can"t help， mind， admit， enjoy， leave off， require， postpone， put off，delay， practice， fancy， excuse， pardon， consider， deny， endure， escape， miss等动词都可以用动名词作宾语（不能用不定式）。
在一些固定用法中，也需要动名词作宾语，如can"t help doing， it"s no use doing， it"s worth doing， be busy doing， feel like doing 等。
在love， like， hate， prefer， begin， start， continue， intend， attempt， can"t bear， propose， want，need， remember， forget， regret， neglect， try， deserve， can" t afford等动词后，可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式。例如：
They began talking (to talk) about something else.
他们开始谈别的事。
I propose making (to make) a change in the plan.
我建议把计划做一些改动。
接动名词和接不定式意思差别明显的有remember， forget， regret， stop， want， need， try， mean，go on 等词。例如：
I remember seeing her once somewhere.
我记得在哪里见过她。
I must remember to take my laptop with me.
我必须记住把电脑带着。
I regret not having accepted your advice.
我后悔没听你的劝告。
I regret to say I haven"t given you enough help.
我很遗憾地说我没给你足够的帮助。
Task 1
Can you make sentences with want to do， want doing， try to do and try doing， and explain the differences between them？
（3）动名词作表语。例如：
Her job is raising pigs.
她的工作是养猪。
Reading is learning， but applying is also learning and the more important kind of learning at that.
读书是学习，使用也是学习，而且是更重要的学习。
（4）动名词作介词的宾语。它常可用在某些动词短语后面。例如：
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按自己的办法做。
We must be good at consulting the dictionary in our English learning.
我们在英语学习中要善于查阅字典。
能跟动名词的动词短语很多，常见的有insist on， persist in， think of， dream of， suspect … of，accuse … of， charge … with， hear of， approve of， prevent … from， be engaged in， look forward to，oppose to， depend on， feel like， excuse … for， set about， get used to， be fond of， be capable of， be keen on，等等。
（5）前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构。一个动名词短语前面可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格，来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语。例如：
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
他们来支援对我们是很大的鼓舞。
I certainly enjoyed Tom"s singing.
我确实很欣赏汤姆的歌声。
在当代英语中，用代词宾格的情况也很多见，特别是当此结构不在句首时。例如：
Do you mind me making a suggestion？
你介意我提个建议吗？
Dialogue & Analysis（此处有视频学习资料）
W： I hate smoking.（动名词作动词的宾语时，动名词的动作者多是特指的。）
M： Then I decide to give up smoking.（动名词可以作动词短语的宾语。）
W： Talking mends no holes.（动名词的动作者是泛指的人，动名词在句中作主语。）
M： OK， action.
W： I am satisfied with your doing like this.（动名词作介语的宾语。）My god.I have never heard that a parrot smokes.
M： Seeing is believing.（动名词believing 和seeing 的动作者是泛指的人，动名词作主语和表语。）A smoking parrot is really before your eyes.（动名词作定语修饰名词。）
M： His new hobby， smoking cigarettes.（动名词短语smoking cigarettes 作his hobby 的同位语。）
W： What else can he do？
M： Besides smoking， he can also talk to people in English， Japanese， French.（动名词作介语的宾语。）
Task 1
选择题。
1.one"s work properly may be worse than not doing it at all.
A.Not to do
B.Doing not
C.Doing
D.Not doing
2.Jack often tries to escape whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A.being fined
B.to be fined
C.having been fined
D.to have been fined
3.Your hair wants .you"d better have it done tomorrow.
A.to cut
B.cutting
C.to be caught up
D.being cut
4.The woman confessed to a lie to the CEO of the company.
A.tell
B.have told
C.telling
D.having told
5.The teacher doesn"t permit in class.
A.to smoke
B.smoke
C.smoking
D.to have a smoke
31.3动名词的完成形式
动名词的现在时表示一个泛指的动作，或者表示与主要动词所指的动作同时发生的一个动作。但动名词的完成时通常用来表示在主要动词所指的动作发生前所发生的动作。例如：
He didn"t mention having met me.
他没提见到了我。
I apologize for not having kept my promise.
我没遵守诺言，向你表示歉意。
31.4动名词的被动形式
当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这一动作的对象时，动名词一般要用被动形式。
例如：
So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.
因此那时给鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。
They couldn"t stand being treated like that.
他们无法忍受这样的待遇。
He didn"t mind being left at home.
把他留在家里他并不介意。
如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式。例如：
I don"t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.
我不记得谁给过我试验这方法的机会。
但多数情况下都避免使用这一形式，而用一般被动形式代替，以免显得累赘。
但要注意，在want， need， deserve， require 等动词后，尽管表示的是被动的意思，却要用主动形式。例如：
Your watch needs repairing.
你的表该修了。
She deserves praising.
她值得表扬。
Dialogue & Analysis（此处有视频学习资料）
M： Peter， what are you doing？
J： I am busy (in) cleaning the room.（be busy 表示忙于做某事，其后接一个动作时，常用“in+动名词”表示，in 常可以省略。）
M： Where is Jane？
J： She has gone to do some shopping.（“do+动名词”常表示做某种需要花费一定时间的事，多在动名词之前加some， any 等。）
M： Is it impudent of me to visit you without invitation？
J： It goes without saying that you are welcome to visit me at any time.（go without saying意为“不用说”、“毫无疑义”或“不成问题”等。）
M： Good brother.Then can you lend me some money？
J： There is no use (in) talking to me about it（.there is no use 意为“没有用或没有好处”，后接一动作时，常用“in+动名词”表示，in 常常可以省略。）
M： What do you mean？
J： I mean it"s no use asking me.（be no use 后面虽然可以接不定式，但通常要接动名词。）
M： Then who should I ask？
J： Of course， Jane.
M： Oh， I see.Can I smoke？
J： No smoking.The rule is set by Jane.（“no+动名词”用于表示禁止或不准的简短命令式法规，其后不可接宾语。）
M： She is not here now.Why not try one？
J： But …
M： It"s really difficult for you to decide.
J： No， I will have no difficulty (in) deciding.（在名词difficulty 后面，常可用“in+动名词”作修饰语，in 常常可以省略。）
M： Then do it right now， buddy！
R
ole Play
Watch the video one more time， try to imitate the dialogue with your partners， and then， show your performance to your classmates.
31.5名词化的动名词
一个动名词有时可以进一步名词化，具有更多名词的特点；它可以有自己的冠词，有定语修饰，在某些情况下甚至有复数形式。例如：
We should give the classroom a good cleaning.
我们应该把教室好好打扫一下。
I have some shopping to do this afternoon.
我今天下午要去买点儿东西。
Please take our greetings to them.
请代我们向他们致意。
这种动名词可以称为名词化的动名词。它在具有更多名词特点的同时，也丧失了许多动词的特点：它不再有完成形式和被动形式，不能再有自己的状语和宾语。
问题：请想想你还学过哪些名词化的动名词？
Task 2
用动名词形式补全下列句子。
1.He didn"t mention（见到了我）.
2.I apologize for（没遵守诺言）.
3.This question is far from（解决）.
4.Her method is worth（试一下）.
5.Thank you for（给我们这么多的帮助）.
Let"s Say
口头练习：用所给的词语造句，可以选用任何时态和主语。
Example： enjoy +read the newspaper
I enjoy reading the newspaper every morning while I"m having my first cup of coffee.
1.mind+open the window
______________________________________________________________________________
2.quit+eat desserts
______________________________________________________________________________
3.get through+eat dinner
______________________________________________________________________________
4.avoid+answer my question
______________________________________________________________________________
5.postpone+do my work
______________________________________________________________________________
6.delay+leave on vacation
______________________________________________________________________________
7.consider+get a job
______________________________________________________________________________
8.mention+go to a concert
______________________________________________________________________________
I.选择题。
1.My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate from you sometime.
A.to have heard
B.to hear
C.for hearing
D.hearing
2.The thief took away the woman"s wallet without .
A.being seen
B.seeing
C.him seeing
D.seeing him
3.No one can avoid by advertisements.
A.to be influenced
B.being influenced
C.influencing
D.having influence
4.He thought that .
A.the effort doing the job was not worth
B.the effort was not worth in doing the job
C.it was not worth the effort doing the job
D.it was not worth the effort by doing the job
5.If I had remembered the door， the things would not have been stolen.
A.to lock
B.locking
C.to have locked
D.having locked
6.How can you keep the machine when you are away？
A.run
B.to run
C.running
D.being run
7.You can"t help commercials；every few minutes the program is interrupted to give
you one advertisement or another.
A.to hear
B.to be heard
C.hearing
D.with hearing
8.My transistor radio isn"t working.It .
A.need repairing
B.needs to repair
C.needs repairing
D.need to be repaired
9.The suspect at last admitted stolen goods but denied them.
A.receiving；selling
B.to receive；to sell
C.to receiving；to selling
D.to have received；to have sold
10.Tony， would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty his tape recorder？
A.to fix
B.fixing
C.for fixing
D.fix
II.补全下列句子。
1.We should give the room （好好打扫一次）.
2.He took a great delight in （帮助别人）.
3.I haven"t succeeded in （说服他）.
4.（见到你）has been a great pleasure.
5.He avoided （给我们作肯定的回答）.
III.翻译下列句子。
1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
2.今天去没有用，他不会在家。
3.他们都对爬山感兴趣。
4.请原谅我来晚了。
5.这个问题需要仔细地研究。
Fun Time（此处有音频学习资料）
Listen to the song.Choose the correct words or phrases.
Holiday！ Celebrate！
Holiday！ Celebrate！
If we（took/had）a holiday
Took some time to（celebrate/have fun）
Just one（week/day）out of life
It would be， it would be so（great/nice）
Everyone spread the（word/news）
We"re gonna to have a（party/celebration）
All across the world
In every（nation/country）
It"s time for the（happy/good）times
Forget about the（old/bad）times， oh yeah
One day to（live/come）together
To release the pressure
We（need/want）a holiday
We can turn this（place/world）around
And bring back all of those happy（days/times）
Put your troubles down
It"s time to（celebrate/have fun）
Let love shine
And we will（find/get）
A way to（live/come）together
Can make（life/things）better
We（need/want）a holiday
Holiday！ Celebrate！
Holiday！ Celebrate！
Holiday！ Celebrate！
Holiday！ Celebrate！
