奥斯陆大学：自然界没有边际
英文导读
The University of Oslo (Norwegian： Universitetet i Oslo or UiO )， formerly the Royal Frederick University， is the oldest and largest university in Norway， located in the Norwegian capital of Oslo. The university is recognized as one of Northern Europe’s most prestigious universities. Fearing it might stir up separatist emotions， King Frederick VI of Denmark had long been opposed to the idea of establishing any university in the province of Norway. But in 1811， after a successful campaign， the Danish king was persuaded： Norway would have its first university， the Royal Frederick University. The university opened in Christiania (the former name of Oslo). At that time， Christiania was still a provincial town in a country without a capital. A year later， however， things changed dramatically： Norway declared its independence and adopted its own constitution in 1814. In 1939， the university was renamed the University of Oslo and it remained Norway’s only university until 1946. With five Nobel Prize winners， UiO has a strong track record of pioneering research and scientific discovery， where unique courses such as Asian and African Studies， Development Studies (Human Geography and Sociology)， Peace and Conflict Studies and Political Science are offered.
System： Located mainly on Blindern Campus in the northern part of Oslo， UiO has eight faculties including Medicine， Dentistry， Law， Theology， Humanities， Mathematics and Natural Sciences， Social Sci-ences and Education Sciences. UiO offers more than 800 courses in English at all levels， around 40 Master’s degree programmes taught entirely in English and several PhD programmes. The university’s orig-inal neoclassical campus is located in the centre of Oslo； it is currently occupied by the Faculty of Law. Most of the university’s other faculties are located at the newer Blindern campus in the suburban West End. The Faculty of Medicine is split between several university hospitals in the Oslo area. The university’s official language is Norwegian， but teaching is also provided in English in a number of Bachelor， Master and PhD programs.
City show： Founded around 1048 by King Harald III， Oslo is is the capital of and most populous city in Norway. Oslo is the economic and governmental centre of Norway. Oslo is a vibrant city surrounded by fjords， lakes and forests. It also has a mix of old and new architec-ture， museums， parks， hills and offers a variety of cultural， shopping and sporting activities. The city is also a hub of Norwegian trade， banking， industry and shipping. Many landmarks were built in the 19th century， including the Royal Palace (1825–1848)； Stortinget (the Parliament) (1861–1866)， the University， National theatre and the Stock Exchange. Oslo has a large number of parks， such as Frogner Park and St. Hanshau-gen Park.
生词助读
separatist [.sepr.t.st] n. 分离主义者
neoclassical [.ni：...kl.s.kl] a. 新古典主义的
split [spl.t] vt. 分离；使分离
fjord [fj.：d] n. [地理] 峡湾（等于fiord）
中文概述
奥斯陆大学的前身皇家腓特烈大学于1811年创办，以当时的丹麦-挪威国王腓特烈六世的名字命名。其办学模式仿照此前不久成立的柏林大学。1939年，皇家腓特烈大学更名为奥斯陆大学。奥斯陆大学是挪威最大最古老的一所大学。奥斯陆大学曾培养了5名诺贝尔奖的得主，这显示了它研究的实力。
奥斯陆大学设有八个学院：包括神学院、法学院、医学院、人文学院、数学与自然科学学院、牙科医学院、社会科学院、教育学院。附设植物园、北欧古代文物珍藏馆、古币陈列室，以及植物学、人种学、矿藏与地质、古生物学、动物学等博物馆。
奥斯陆大学学位分三级：第一级学位（本科），学习年限3年半至5年；第二级学位（研究生），获第一级学位后，需继续攻读3～4年；第三级学位（博士），学习年限不定。经费由国家提供，免收学费。教学用语为挪威语。
奥斯陆是欧洲著名的历史古城，始建于1048年。1536年，随着挪威-丹麦共主邦联的组成，哥本哈根成为邦联的首都，奥斯陆的首都地位则降至省会地位。1814年，随着丹麦-挪威共主邦联的瓦解，奥斯陆（克里斯蒂安尼亚）重新获得首都地位。当时，居住在奥斯陆的著名艺术和文学家包括亨利.易卜生、爱德华.蒙克、克努特.汉姆生和西格丽德.温塞特（汉姆生和温塞特是诺贝尔文学奖得主）。奥斯陆保持着浓郁的中世纪色彩和别具一格的北欧风光，在建于1899年的国家剧院门前，竖立着挪威著名剧作家易卜生的雕像。其著名景点有维格兰雕塑公园（也称人体公园），阿克斯胡斯城堡（中世纪最具代表性的建筑之一），奥斯陆市政厅（诺贝尔和平奖的颁奖地）等。
梦想成功录
To be both a speaker of words and a doer of deeds.
既当演说家，又做实干家。
Man struggles upwards； water flows downwards.
人往高处走，水往低处流。
