4.A few years later，a disgraced clergyman，named Titus Oates，spread a report that a plot was laid by the Catholics to kill the King，destroy London，and massacreTHE DUTCH FLEET IN THE THAMES.
a Sheerness.-A sea-port on the island of Sheppey；40miles from London.
all the Protestants.This caused so much alarm that many Catholics were put to death，two thousand were cast into prison，and thirty thousand were driven out of London and forbidden to come within twenty miles of the city.
5.As Titus Oates was rewarded with ？1，200a-year，other wretches，hoping for gain，came forward with similar tales，causing the death or imprisonment of many persons of all classes.
6.In 1679was passed the famous Act known as Habeas Corpus which prevents any one from being kept in prison without trial.
-an Act
7.The last great event of the reign was the Rye House Plot，laid with a view of murdering the King and giving the crown to the young Duke of Monmouth，a natural son of Charles.The plan was，to stop the royal coach and shoot thebKing on his way back from Newmarketraces.For this purpose a cart was to
c
be overturned in the middle of the road，near the Rye House.
But the whole
was found out，and the plotters were put to death.Monmouth fled to Holland.
8.Charles the Second died in 1685.Before his death he declared himself to have been a Roman Catholic，though he had said all his life that he was a Protestant.Charles‘s love of pleasure gained for him the title of “The Merry Monarch.”
9.The Test Act，requiring all officers of the Crown to declare themselves members of the Church of England，was passed in 1673.The names “Whig”and “Tory”took the place of “Roundhead”and “Cavalier.”
中文阅读
1.查理二世当政时期，着手对长老派成员和不服从国教者进行残酷的迫害。尽管他承诺不干涉宗教，但内心却希望不信奉除英国国教d之外的任何宗教。于是，在克拉伦登伯爵的帮助下，国会通过了《统一法案》，两万名曾在克伦威尔旗下谋生的传教士都被驱逐，并且禁止传教。
2.许多不服从国教的人都被送进监狱。其中有个人叫做约翰·班扬e，他在贝德福德监狱坐了十二年牢，并在坐牢时写出了《天路历程》。那些拒绝信奉英国国教的人，都被处以巨额罚款。任何一个在其他教堂出现的人，都会被成队的士兵穷追不舍，并抓进监狱。
a Habeas Corpus.-A writ addressed to the keeper of a prisoner，requiring him to produce him for trial at a certain time.It is so called from its opening words，addressed to the jailer，Habeas corpus ad subficiendum；which mean，“That thou hast the body for the purpose of reproducing it.”
b Newmarket.-Thirteen mile north-east of Cambridge.
c Rye House.-In Hertfordshire near Hoddesdon；about 16miles north of London.
d Church of England，英国圣公会英格兰主教派和礼拜仪式的国家教会，在坎特伯雷有主教。--译者注e John Bunyan（1628~1688）：英国传教士和作家，著有《天路历程》，描述基督徒们从毁灭城到天堂城路途的讽刺性寓言故事。--译者注3.英国在海上和荷兰打了一仗，战争打了几年，英国获胜；不过，荷兰舰队卷土重来，航行至泰晤士河，烧掉了许多英国船只，毁掉了西尔尼斯a港口，然后撤退了。此前，伦敦人还从来没有听过敌人的炮声，在那以后也再也没有听到过。
4.几年后，一个名叫提图斯·欧茨的传教士，用心险恶地传播一则谣言，说天主教徒密谋杀死国王、毁掉伦敦并且要大肆屠杀所有的清教徒。这则谣言引起了极大恐慌，结果许多天主教徒被处死，2000人被送进监狱，3万人被逐出伦敦，并且不允许进入离城市20英里的区域内。
5.看到提图斯·欧茨受到每年1200英磅的奖励，另一些渴望发财的小人也开始编造类似的故事，导致各个阶层的许多民众都被处死或入狱。
6.1679年，英国通过了著名的《人身保护令》b法案，该法案禁止将任何人不经审讯便送去坐牢。
7.该统治时期的最后一件大事是“赖伊豪宅阴谋案”，策划这一阴谋的目的，是为了谋杀国王，将王位让给查理二世的私生子蒙默斯公爵。该计划的实施方案是，当国王从纽马基特c赛马场返回途中，拦住皇室的马车并射杀国王。为达此目的，阴谋者将一辆运货车掀翻在赖伊豪宅d附近的马路中间。但是，整个计划被人发现，密谋者被处死。蒙默斯公爵逃到荷兰。
8.查理二世死于1685年。尽管他一辈子都说自己是个清教徒，但在临死前他却宣称自己是一个罗马天主教徒。查理喜欢热闹的特点，为他博得了一个“快乐君王”的头衔。
9.1673年，英国通过了《宣誓法案》，要求王室的所有官员都宣誓自己是英国国教的成员。“辉格党”和“托利党”由此取代了“圆颅党”和“保皇党”。
a 西尔尼斯：谢裴岛上的一处海港，离伦敦40英里。b《人身保护令》：针对囚犯看守人的一项法令，要求他在规定时间内对囚犯进行审讯。c 纽马基特：剑桥东北13英里处。
d 赖伊豪宅：位于赫特福德郡豪德斯登附近，离伦敦北部约16英里。
118
JAMES II.（PART I.）
詹姆士二世（一）
1685to 1688A.D.-3years（公元1685~1688年，在位3年）foul，wicked.
knew no bounds，was so great that he could not control it.
mass，a Roman Catholic service.
petition，prayer to the king.
rising，rebellion.
scores，large numbers together.thrust，forced people to receive.unfold，carry out.
zeal，earnestness.
1.The Duke of York，brother of the late King，now came to the throne as James the Second.Being a strict Roman Catholic，he was no favourite with the people；but as he promised to uphold the Protestant religion，none opposed his being King.He，however，went openly to Mass，and soon showed that he could not endure any religion but his own.
2.A plot was therefore set on foot for taking the crown from him，and giving it to the Duke of Monmouth，his nephew.The Duke of Argyle was to head a rising in Scotland，while Monmouth was to land on the south coast of England.Argyle，however，failed in his attempt，and was taken prisoner and beheaded in Edinburgh before Monmouth landed.
3.When Monmouth arrived at Lyme，
he had scarcely one hundred
followers；but as the common people were in his favour，he was soon at the head of 6，000men.He was met，however，by the King’s forces at Sedgemoor，and totally defeated.He fled on horseback as far as his horse could carry him.Then changing his clothes for those of a peasant，he wandered about for two days.Thereafter he was hunted with bloodhounds.He was found in a ditch，half-starved，with a few peas in his pocket.
4.When taken before the King he begged for life；but James knew nomercy，and had him put to death on Tower Hill.His followers who were taken prisoners in the battle were cruelly treated.Many were murdered in cold blood after the battle by Colonel Kirke，who hanged them by scores on the sign-posta Lyme，or Lyme Regis.-In Dorsetshire；22miles west of Dorchester.
b Sedgemoor.-East of Bridgewater in Somersetshire.
of an inn at Taunton.
Numbers more were condemned to most cruel deaths inthe Bloody Assize by Judge Jeffreys，who，for his zeal in this foul butchery，was made Lord Chancellor.
5.James，feeling now safe on the throne，began to unfold his great plan-which was to make England once more a Roman Catholic country.In order to favour the Roman Catholics，he granted freedom of religion to all classes of nonconformists，Romanist and Protestant alike.
