9.这些麻烦事刚刚艰难地摆平，英国在印度的统治就差一点被一连串兵变所推翻，这些兵变由一群印度兵或英属印军中的本地士兵在孟加拉制造。这些士兵按照规定的信号群起叛乱，将他们的英国军官杀死。他们占领了德里c和其他地方，在坎普尔d，他们残忍地杀死了许多英国男人、妇女和孩子，并在之前对他们进行了极不人道的虐待。
10.在经过漫长而艰苦的斗争之后，这些叛乱被勇敢而优秀的亨利·哈夫洛克爵士和科林·坎贝尔爵士（即后来的克莱德男爵）平息。哈夫洛克由于作战极度疲劳而倒下。从那以后，印度政府直接归顺到了英国王室的管辖之下，在1876年，维多利亚女王成为印度女王。
a 巴拉克拉瓦：塞巴斯托波尔以南6英里处的一个海港，再往东大约相同距离便是英克尔曼。
b 特切尔那亚：流入塞巴斯托波尔海港的河流。
c 德里：位于恒河的支流朱木拿河边，勒克瑙西北250英里处。这里长期都是印度的穆罕默德首都、莫卧尔王朝以及鞑靼皇帝（鞑靼王朝开始于1525年）的大本营。
d 坎普尔：恒河边上的一座城市，勒克瑙西北50英里处，离加尔各答628英里。
148
THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL
围困塞巴斯托波尔
alliance，league.
bombardment，attack with cannon.celebrated，made famous.contended，fought；striven.exhausted，worn-out.
irresistible，not able to be with-stood.
opposition，resistance.parapet，wall；breast-work.resulted，ended.
surprising，taking unawares.
terrific，fearful.
victorious，successful.
1.What we call the Crimean War was the principal part of a war with Russia in which France and England took part together in support of Turkey.In the Crimean War the Siege of Sebastopol was the great event.
2.Sebastopol lies near the southern point of the peninsula called the Crimea，in the south of Russia，and was fortified，at great cost of money，time，and labour，by severalaof the Czars.
Anatural cleft in the western
coast forms a fine harbour；and the city lies on both sides of this inlet，though the greater part of it is on the south side.
3.Sailing across the Black Sea from the shore of Turkey，the armies of France andEngland landed on the Crimea at Eupatoria Bay.They then marched southward toward Sebastopol.The Russians，however，were not inclined to let them form the siege without opposition；and accordingly，when they came to the River Alma they had to fight a battle，to which the stream has given its name.The Battle of the Alma resulted in the defeat of the Russians；and the French and British armies，forming their lines on the south side of Sebastopol，began the siege.
4.In an attempt which the Russians made to break through the British line near Balaklava，the 93rd Highlanders，led by Sir Colin Campbell，re-pelleda Czars.-The Emperors of Russia.The name is a corruption of the Latin Caesar.
BALAKLAVA.
the attack of the gray -coated foemen in “a thin red streak，topped with a line of steel.”Then，too，occurred that famous Charge of the Light Brigade which Alfred Tennyson has celebrated in words of poetic fire.Little more than six hundred Light Horsemen，ordered to advance by some unexplainedmistake，rode a mile under a most terrific fire for the purpose of saving a few guns；and only about two hundred returned to the starting-place.
5.The great Battle of
Inkermann took place on the day dedicated in England to fire-works and to Guy Fawkes.It was a Sunday.All the previous night the bells of Sebastopol had been ringing；and a heavy rolling sound，which the British sentinels could not understand，was heard to the right，where the caves and cliffs of Inkermann lay.
6.Through the morning fog and drizzling rain a vast host of Russians came stealing up the slopes，dragging with them ninety large cannon，in the hope of surprising the British.The outposts fired their muskets；and soon along the whole of the British lines were heard the beating of drums and the noise of men hurrying to the place of conflict.
7.All day the battle raged，especially around the Sandbag Battery.Officers and soldiers fought alike；for in the hurry there was no time to form a plan of battle.The grand object of our men was to keep the Russians from coming up the heights，or from turning the flank of the line；and in this object they succeeded nobly.Late in the day the French came to the aid of the almost exhausted British troops；and then the Russians retreated.
8.The winter spent by our troops in the trenches before Sebastopol was a time of dreadful suffering，partly caused by the mismanagement of those who had charge of the supplies of food and clothing.Before the winter was over，a railway of six miles was made between the harbour at Balaklava and the British lines；but the worst of the suffering was past by the time the work was finished.
9.After the fourth bombardment，the French and the British made an attack on the Malakoff and the Redan，two of the most important fortressesof the Russians，which had been greatly strengthened by earth-works.The dayachosen for this attack was the anniversary of Waterloo-a day on which，fortyyears earlier，the nations now in alliance against Russia had contended in war on a Belgian plain.In spite of the day，and of the men who made the attack，the enterprise failed.
10.Early in autumn the last bombardment began，and preparations were made for assaulting these forts again.The works in the meantime had been made thrice as strong.The French troops went skilfully and cautiously to work，and the General took care that every detail of the plan of attack should be complete，and that every man should know exactly what he had to do.The result of this care was that，in a quarter of an hour，they took the Malakoff-a white tower，rising from a pile of earth-works；and although the Russiansfired on them for hours with every gun that could be brought to bear on their position，they held their ground.
11.As soon as the tricolor flagb was seen flying on the Malakoff，announcingthat the French were victorious，a thousand British soldiers clambered out of the trenches，where they had been waiting，and rushed towards the Redan.This fortress，which was in the form of a pair of open compasses，stood with the angle turned towards the British lines.
