7.姓氏的广泛使用也得归功于诺曼人。姓氏的来源极其广泛，其中最多的是一些个人品质方面的词汇，比如Armstrong（手臂有力）、Whitehead（白头）、Swift（敏捷）；还有关于职业与商业贸易的词汇，比如Smith（铁匠）、Falconer（用猎鹰狩猎者）、Taylor（裁缝）、Miller（磨坊工人）。另外还有许多基督教词汇也演变为姓氏，有的加上丹麦词缀son，例如Wilson；有的加上撒克逊词缀ing，例如Clavering；有的加上凯尔特词缀Mac或者O，例如Macdonald，O Connell；还有的加上诺曼词缀Fitz，例如Fitzgerald。
44
CURFEW SONG OF ENGLAND
英格兰晚钟之歌
aspirings，desires.
chime，sound.
flitting，quick；fluttering.
forsook，left；quitted.
gladdening，making glad；cheerful.
haunts，resorts；dwelling-places.immortal，deathless.sanctuaries，holy places.
scroll，manuscript.
Yule-fagots，Christmas logs.
[The song is intended to show the hardship which the Curfew law brought on different classes of the people-especially on students and on watchers by sick-beds.]
1.Hark！from the dim church-tower，The deep，slow curfew‘s chime！
A heavy sound unto hall and bower，In England’s olden time！
Sadly ‘twas heard by him who came From the fields of his toil at night，And who might not see his own hearth’s flame In his children‘s eyes make light.
2.Woe for the wanderer then
In the wild-deer’s forests far！
No cottage-lamp to the haunts of men Might guide him as a star.
And woe for him whose wakeful soul，With lone aspirings filled，Would have lived o‘er some immortal scroll While the sounds of earth were stilled.
3.And yet a deeper woe
For the watchers by the bed，Where the fondly loved in pain lay low，And rest forsook the head；-For the mother，doomed unseen to keep By the dying babe her place，And to feel its flitting pulse，and weep，Yet not behold its face！
4.Darkness，in chieftain’s hall！
Darkness，in peasant‘s cot！
While Freedom，under that shadowy pall，Sat mourning o’er her lot.
Oh！the fireside‘s peace we well may prize，For blood hath flowed like rain，Poured forth to make sweet sanctuaries Of England’s homes again！
5.Heap the Yule-fagots high，
Till the red light fills the room！
It is home‘s own hour，when the stormy sky Grows thick with evening gloom.
Gather ye round the holy hearth，And by its gladdening blaze，Unto thankful bliss we will change our mirth，With a thought of the olden days.
-FELICIA HEMANS
中文阅读
【这首歌谣主要是为了表现宵禁制度给英格兰各阶层的人带来的困苦，对病榻旁的学生和看望者尤其如此。】
1.听吧！从昏暗的教堂钟楼上，沉郁的宵禁晚钟隐隐传来！沉闷的钟声飘到走廊尽头，林荫深处，回荡在英格兰的中古时代！辛劳的人从夜晚的田野归来，闻之心有戚戚，他看不见家中温暖的壁火，在他孩子的眼中这是夜里独有的光彩。
2.流浪者更加悲哀，他们只能遁入森林，与野鹿为伴！
小屋的灯火湮灭，如指路的明星坠落。他那不眠的内心亦感凄苦，孤独的欲求充塞满满，他希望在钟声消逝之后，再经历一次记忆中的画面。
3.更深的悲苦，来自病榻旁的守护人，
他们深爱的人在疼痛的煎熬中躺在床上，全身已不听大脑使唤；这位妈妈在垂死的婴儿身旁，在黑暗中注定无法站定，也无法感受它的心跳，它的抽泣更无法看见它的面庞！
4.无边黑暗，淹没王宫大殿！无边黑暗，淹没农家小院！自由，也在这无边黑幕下，凄苦独坐，哀伤待命。噢！家庭的温暖我们何等珍视，我们的热血一如雨露，将流入悦目的圣殿，把那里再次变成英格兰大地上的家园！
5.圣诞夜的柴火高高堆起，红红的火光令满堂生辉！这是我们家庭的温馨时刻，尽管浓云密布的天空在傍晚愈加黑暗。围坐在神圣的炉边，望着那喜悦跳动的火焰，直到感恩的祝福敲击我们的欢笑，让我们思考那遥远的昨天。
（费利西亚·赫门兹）
PART II
ENGLAND，1154to 1603A.D.
公元1154~1603年的英格兰
THE PLANTAGENETS-HOUSE OF ANJOU
金雀花王朝--安茹王朝
45
HENRY II.-CURTMANTLE
亨利二世--卡特曼特尔王
1154to 1189A.D.-35years（公元1154~1189年，在位35年）clergy，ministers；priests.
did penance，showed his sorrow.
homage，promise of obedience.
scourged，whipped.stubborn，obstinate.subdued，conquered.
1.Henry the Second，the first Plantagenet King，was the son of Geoffrey，Count of Anjou，and Maud，daughter of Henry the First.He was the most powerful King of his time-ruling not only England，but also the greater part of France.He also subdued Wales and Ireland.
2.His first care was to lessen the power of the barons；and this he did by causing many of their castles to be destroyed.Then，wishing to rule the clergy，he took into his favour a priest named Thomas Becket-a Norman by birth，and son of a wealthy London merchant-gave him great wealth and power，and made him Archbishop of Canterbury.
3.But Becket，when he had got this great power，did not do as Henry wished.He gave up his rich and costly manner of living，and all his long train of followers.He began to eat coarse food；he wore sackcloth next his skin，keeping it on until it was painful for him to wear it；and he daily washed the feet of thirteen beggars.
4.He then took the part of the clergy against Henry.The Council，or Parliament，drew up laws，called the Constitutions of Clarendon，in Henry’s favour.Becket nevertheless continued to give Henry so much trouble，that one day，when he was in France，and heard of Becket‘s wilful ways，he became verya Geoftrey （Jeffray）.-He bore the surname Plantagenet，which was afterwards adopted by his descendants on the English throne，and which he derived from the device，a sprig of broom （plante de genet），which his family wore.The Plantagenet Line includes the Houses of Anjou，Lancaster，and York.
angry，and said，“Is there not one of the cowardly knights eating of my bread that will rid me of this stubborn priest？”
5.Four of his knights，hearing what was said，and being very jealous ofaBecket’s power，secretly crossed over to England，and went to Canterburytomurder Becket.They found him in the cathedral，at the altar；and there they fell upon him and dashed out his brains.
6.When Henry heard of this horrid murder，he was not only very sorry，but also much afraid of the Pope‘s anger.He therefore ordered a splendid tomb to be built for Becket：and he did penance by walking barefoot through Canterbury to the tomb；and by allowing himself，as he knelt there，to be scourged with knotted cords.
7.The chief event of Henry’s reign was the invasion of Ireland.This country was at that time divided into six provinces，ruled by as many Kings.Two of the most powerful of thesequarrel led，and one of them applied to Henry for help.Henry al low ed some of his nobles with their knights to go to his aid.The chief of these wa s Strongbow，Earl of Pembroke.Soon afterwards he went himself，and received the homa ge of several of the chiefs.
8.Henry had four sons，Henry，Geoffrey，Richard，and John.
They were wild and disobedient，
DEATH OF BECKET.
