From London by the King was I pressed forth；My father，being the Earl of Warwick’s man，Came on the part of York，pressed by his master；And I，who at his hands received my life，Have by my hands of life bereaved him.-Pardon me，God，I knew not what I did！And pardon，father，for I knew not thee！
My tears shall wipe away these bloody marks；And no more words till they have flowed their fill.
K.Hen.O piteous spectacle！O bloody times！Whilst lions war and battle for their dens，Poor harmless lambs abide their enmity.-Weep，wretched man，I‘ll aid thee tear for tear；And let our hearts and eyes，like civil war，Be blind with tears，and break o’ercharged with grief.
Enter a FATHER who has killed his son，with the body in his arms.
Fath.Thou that so stoutly hast resisted me，Give me thy gold，if thou hast any gold；For I have bought it with a hundred blows.-But let me see：-is this our foeman‘s face？Ah，no，no，no，it is mine only son！-Ah，boy，if any life be left in thee，Throw up thine eyes；see，see what showers arise，Blown with the windy tempest of my heart，Upon thy wounds，that kill mine eye and heart！-Oh，pity，God，this miserable age！-What stratagems，how fell，how butcherly，Erroneous，mutinous，and unnatural，This deadly quarrel daily doth beget！-O boy，thy father gave thee life too soon，And hath bereft thee of thy life too late！
K.Hen.Woe above woe！grief more than common grief！Oh that my death would stay these ruthful deeds！-Oh，pity，pity，gentle Heaven，pity！
The red rose and the white are on his face，The fatal colours of our striving houses……Son.Was ever son so rued a father’s death？Fath.Was ever father so bemoaned a son？
K.Hen.Was ever King so grieved for subjects‘woe？Much is your sorrow；mine，ten times so much.
-SHAKESPEARE
中文阅读
场景--陶顿战场的一处
（鼓角声起亨利王独上）
亨利王：我在这土山之上坐下来歇一歇。上帝叫谁得胜，就让谁得胜吧！我的王后玛格丽特和克利福德将军都非得让我离开战场，他们说只要我不在，他们就有好运。我真宁愿死掉，如果这真是符合上帝旨意的话。活在这世上除了受苦受难，还有什么好处？上帝啊！我宁愿当一个庄稼汉，反倒可以过着幸福的生活。就像我现在这样，坐在山坡上，当成一个精确的日晷，看着时光是怎样一分一秒地流逝：看到底多少分钟才构成一小时，到底多少小时才构成一天，到底多少天才构成一年，到底多少年构成一个人漫长的一生。知道答案之后，我便可以好好安排我的人生岁月：多少时间用于放牧牲畜，多少时间用于安静休息，多少时间用于沉吟思念，多少时间用于尽情欢乐。逝者如斯，分分秒秒、日日月月、岁岁年年，安安静静度过，直到白发苍苍，然后悄悄地钻进坟墓。啊，这样的生活何其令人神往啊！何其甜蜜滋润！何其美妙绝伦！还可以像牧羊人那样，坐在山楂树的清凉树荫下，心旷神怡地看守着温顺的羊群，一边盘算着母羊怀胎有多少时日，再过多少星期生下小羊，再过几年可以剪下羊毛。这不比坐在华盖之下却终日害怕人民起来造反的国王，安逸得多吗？哦，真的，的确是安逸得多，安逸一千倍都不止。总而言之，我宁愿做个牧羊人，吃着家常的奶酪，喝着皮囊里的清酒，睡在树荫底下，一切都是这般清清闲闲无忧无虑，自然不愿当那国王，他虽然吃的是山珍海味，喝的是玉液琼浆，盖的是锦衾绣被，可是担惊受怕，片刻不得安宁。
（一个杀掉亲生父亲的儿子拖着父亲的尸体上场）儿子：狂风刮得真让人心烦意乱。这人是我在跟他一对一搏斗时杀掉的，他身上也许有些财物，现在我可以拿过来享用，不过天黑以前，我可能又被别人杀掉，这些财物又要装进别人的口袋了。让我看看这人是谁？哎呀，我的上帝！这是我父亲的容貌，我竟然无意中杀了他。唉，这苦难深重的时代，竟会发生这样的事！我是受国王逼迫才从伦敦到这里来的。我父亲是沃里克伯爵的手下，伯爵硬派他来替约克卖命。父亲把生命赋予给我，我却亲手送掉他的性命。上帝饶恕我吧，我实在不知道我干的是什么！父亲，也请你饶恕我，我实在没有认出你呀！我只能用泪水来洗掉我的罪过，现在我不想再说什么，我只想痛哭一场。
亨利王：唉，多么悲惨的景象！唉，多么残酷的时代！狮子们争夺巢穴，却让无辜的羔羊在它们的爪牙下遭殃。不幸的人啊，哭吧，我也要为你痛哭。就像内战的战火把一切都毁灭，让我们哭瞎我们的眼睛，让我们的心房被忧伤压碎吧。
（一个杀掉亲生儿子的父亲拖着儿子的尸体上场）父亲：你这个和我拼命的家伙，你身上如果有钱，就快把钱拿出来，我揍了你一百来下才让你消停下来。但让我看看，这人是我的敌人吗？不、不、不，这是我亲生的独子呀！啊，孩子，你如果还有一口气，快睁开眼睛啊！看啊，看看我心如刀割，大滴大滴的眼泪洒在你伤口上面，我看到你遍体鳞伤，我的眼睛要瞎啦，我的心要碎啦。唉，发发慈悲吧，上帝啊！这是个多么悲惨的时代啊！这场你死我活的斗争引起的恶果是多么凶恶、残酷、荒唐、暴戾、违反人性呵！啊，孩子，你父亲让你生得太早，死却死得太迟了。
亨利王：一桩惨事接着一桩惨事！这种惨事真是出乎人之常情啊！唉，我宁愿用我的死亡来阻止这类惨剧的发生。唉，慈悲的天主，发发慈悲可怜可怜这些人吧！这人脸上有两朵玫瑰花，一红一白，这正是我们两个争吵的家族引起许多灾祸的标记。红玫瑰好比是他流出的污血，白玫瑰好比他苍白的面颊。叫一朵玫瑰枯萎，让另一朵旺盛吧。倘若你们再斗争下去，千千万万的人都活不成了。
儿子：我母亲如果知道我杀了父亲，她一定要对我大发雷霆，永不安宁！父亲：我老婆如果知道我杀了儿子，她一定要痛哭流涕，永不安宁！亨利王：人民听到这些悲惨的事情，一定要对我恨之入骨，永不安宁！儿子：儿子死了父亲，有像我这样伤心的吗？父亲：父亲死了儿子，有像我这样悲痛的吗？亨利王：人君为百姓们的悲苦而哀伤，有像我这样深切的吗？你们的痛苦的椎心刺骨，但我的痛苦却超过你们十倍不止啊。
（莎士比亚）
79
EDWARD V
爱德华五世
1483A.D.，April to June-2months（公元1483年4月~6月，在位两月）accused，charged.pretending，falsely saying.reality，truth.
report，story.
treason，plotting against the King.
wholly，altogether.
1.This prince was only twelve years of age at the death of the late King his father；but he was never crowned.His uncle Richard，Duke of Gloucester，was Protector，and wished to be King.He therefore had the young King and his little brother，the Duke of York，taken to the Tower，pretending that it was for their safety；though，in reality，it was that they might be wholly in his power.
2.Richard’s next stepwas to get rid of all those nobles who were faithful to the young King.Accordingly，Lords Rivers，Grey，and Hastings were falsely accused of treason，and were beheaded without trial.
3.Thereafter Gloucester spread a report that young Edward was not the rightful King.The crown was then offered to him by some nobles whose favour he had gained；and though he pretended to be unwilling，he accepted it，and was declared King.
中文阅读
1.这位小王子在他父王驾崩时只有12岁，但是他却始终没能登上王位。他的叔父格罗斯特公爵理查德当时以摄政王的身份统领国政，并且一直觊觎王位。为了实现他的野心，他将小王子和他的弟弟约克公爵一起关进了伦敦塔，假装说这是为了保护他们的安全；而实际上，他的算盘是让他们完全处于他的掌控之中。
2.理查德的下一步棋就是除掉那些支持小王子的贵族，于是他层层推进稳步实施，里弗斯、格雷、黑斯廷斯三位勋爵被他以叛国罪下狱，而且未经审讯就被斩首。
3.从这之后他便开始散布舆论，说爱德华并非合法的王储，而且之后不久他就在另一些被他收买的贵族的支持下加冕称王了。虽然他假情假意地佯装不情愿，但还是公然接受并且堂而皇之地当上了国王。
80
RICHARD III.-CROOKBACK
理查德三世--驼背王
1483to 1485A.D.-2years（公元1483~1485年，在位2年）answering to，very like.assassins，murderers.centuries，hundreds of years.crafty，cunning.
effect his purpose，carry out his plans.
hired，paid.
means，plans；deeds.
1.The little princes in the Tower strangely disappeared.It is believed that Richard hired assassins to go and murder them.It is said that these ruffians went in the dead of night to their bedroom，where they found the innocent children asleep locked in each other‘s arms；and that they smothered them with their pillows，and buried their bodies at the foot of the stair that led to their room.
2.Nearly two hundred years afterwards，while some changes were being made in the Tower，the bones of two boys were found，answering to the age and size of the unhappy little princes.They were removed to Westminster Abbey.
